美军两艘航母和一艘轻型航母参与2022年“坚强盾牌”联合军演（美国第七舰队2022年6月13日）图片来源：美国之音

       The Taiwan issue is themost sensitive, core, and major issue that has always been unresolved inSino-US relations. Forty years ago, after eight months of arduous negotiations,on August 17, 1982, China and the United States jointly issued the JointCommunique of the People's Republic of China and the United States of America.The Chinese side is committed to striving for "peacefulreunification" of Taiwan; the US side is committed to preparing togradually reduce the "arms sales to Taiwan" to the final settlement.However, today, 40 years later, the Taiwan issue has become more serious, and theSino-US 817 Communique is facing unprecedented challenges.

       War made America

       Coming events cast theirshadows before them. On the one hand, Chinese warplanes have become the norm inair patrol exercises in the Taiwan Strait and often enter Taiwan's air defenseidentification zone; on the other hand, the US government has made militaryarrangements to deal with the outbreak of war in the Taiwan Strait, and hasincreased the sale of advanced weapons to Taiwan and strengthened militarycooperation. Chiang Kai-shek's prediction during the Cold War that "theUnited States and Communist China will have a war" seems to be approachingthe Taiwan Strait.

       The French scholar Tomara Bino, in hisbook American Culture of War, argues: War has become an integral partof the history of this country. If said that the United States has beenfighting wars since the founding of the country, it is better to say that thewar itself created the United States. Let's be clearer: The wars fought by theUnited States have made America what we are today, and will shape the Americaof tomorrow.

China Society for humanrights studies published an article in April 2021 titled SeriousHumanitarian Disasters Caused by U.S. Wars of Aggression Abroad. Theauthors pointed out that according to incomplete statistics, from the end ofWorld War II in 1945 to 2001, there were 248 armed conflicts in 153 parts ofthe world, of which the United States initiated 201 field, accounting for about81%. President Obama once said: For generations, the United States ofAmerica has played a unique role as an anchor of global security and as anadvocate for human freedom. Mindful of the risks and costs of military action,we are naturally reluctant to use force to solve the world’s many challenges.But when our interests and values are at stake, we have a responsibility toact.

       After World War II, noU.S. president could be called peacetime president. Yuan Yuan pointed out inthe article titled 13 Overseas Wars Launched by the United States afterWorld War II, during the term of the 33rd President Truman, the UnitedStates launched the Korean War; during the term of the 34th PresidentEisenhower, The United States invaded Lebanon, the Dominican Republic and theCongo; during the term of 35th President Kennedy, the United States invaded theBay of Pigs in Cuba and intervened in Vietnam; during the term of the 36thPresident Johnson, the United States armed intervention in the Vietnam War andinvaded the Dominican Republic; during the term of the 37th President RichardNixon, the United States invaded Cambodia and the Republic of Yemen andinstigated a coup in Chile while fighting the Vietnam War; during the term ofthe 38th President Ford, the United States continued the Vietnam War; duringthe term of the 39th President Carter, the United States intervened in theNicaragua Civil War; and during the term of the 40th President Reagan, theUnited States invaded Lebanon, Grenada, Bolivia, and Honduras, attacked Libyaand attacked Iran; during the term of the 41st President George H. W. Bush, theUnited States invaded Panama and launched the Gulf War; during the term of the42nd President Clinton, the United States raided Somalia, Haiti, and theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia; during the term of the 43rd President George W.Bush, the United States invaded Afghanistan and Iraq; the term of the 44thPresident Barack Obama ordered air strikes on Libya just after winning theNobel Peace Prize; and the 45th President Trump in 2018 In April, a militarystrike was ordered against Syria. Although the current president Biden did notdirectly participate in the Russo-Ukrainian War, full military assistance toUkraine to provide a strong guarantee.

       The United States is aglobal power with global interests; the Frequent Wars Waged by the UnitedStates are of course closely related to its own interests. But behind thebenefits are ideas. President Reagan said, Our policy is rooted inour moral values, which never change. President Jimmy Carter, known asthe "moral engineer", noted: Setting an example of Americanidealism is a practical and realistic approach to foreign affairs, and moralprinciples serve as the best basis for the United States to exercise its forceand extend its influence. Harvard political theorist Louis Harts alsobelieves in his famous book The Liberal Tradition in America that Embodyingan absolute moral ethos, “Americanism,” once it is driven on to the world stageby events, is inspired willy-nilly to reconstruct the very alien things ittries to avoid. In this sense, a comprehensive study of the moral conceptsand deep-seated reasons behind the US war after World War II is of great practicalsignificance for judging the direction of the situation in the Taiwan Strait,curbing the outbreak of war, and safeguarding world peace.

       The Five MoralPrinciples of American War

       First, curb communistexpansion.

       During World War II, theUnited States and the Soviet Union were close allies against German-Japanesefascism, and both were world powers that rose during this period. PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt once said, A country that saves itself while helping the wholeworld from the Nazi threat, we are willing to be good neighbors and sincerefriends with such countries in the future. Roosevelt's "state" hererefers to the Soviet Union. The world has never seen greater devotion,determination and self- sacrifice than have been displayed by the Russianpeople and their armies, under the leadership of Marshal Joseph Stalin.Roosevelt envisioned that after the war, the United States, the Soviet Union,Britain, and China would form the "four major police stations" tojointly maintain world peace and security. Britain, Russia, China and theUnited States and their Allies represent more than three-quarters of the totalpopulation of the earth. As long as these four nations with great militarypower stick together in determination to keep the peace there will be nopossibility of an aggressor nation arising to start another world war.

       However, after the endof World War II, Roosevelt's vision was shattered. Due to the opposition ofsocial systems, ideologies, and value pursuits, the United States and theSoviet Union changed from allies to enemies, and the world was divided intocapitalist camps led by the United States and communist camps led by the SovietUnion. The United States and the Soviet Union thus began the "ColdWar" and lasted for nearly half a century.

Stalin once said thatcapitalism and communism could not live in peace, and even predicted that athird world war would break out. President Truman argued that Communism is asystem that does not respect human dignity, or human freedom. Sovietcommunism attacked not only U.S. allies, but also threat the security of UnitedState, the values that American democracy was built on and the values thatAmericans follow in their daily lives. In Truman's view, there were twodiametrically opposed ways of life: A way of life based on the will of themajority, characterized by free institutions, representative government, freeelections, guarantees of personal freedom, freedom of speech and religion, andfreedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based on the willof the few over the many, relying on terror and oppression, controlled pressand broadcasting, designated elections and the abolition of individual freedoms.

       In order to prevent thespread of communism, the charged affaires of the U.S. Embassy in the SovietUnion and the director of the Policy Planning Office of the State Department,George F. Kennan, proposed Containment Strategy. He wrote a"X" in the July 1947 issue of Diplomacy. Under the title, anarticle entitled The Roots of Soviet Behavior was published. He notedthat if the United States wishes to limit Soviet expansionism without resortingto war, then the United States should adopt a firm policy of containment aimedat confronting the Russians with an immutable force of opposition every timethey show signs of violating the interests of a peaceful and stable world.Kennan's theory laid the foundation for U.S. foreign policy during the ColdWar. Since then, Curbing communism's global expansion has been the foreignpolicy of every president from Harry S. Truman to George H. W. Bush. Althoughthey each will revise this in important ways — from Dwight D. Eisenhower's newlook strategy to John F. Kennedy's strategy of reactive flexibility, to LyndonJohnson's Vietnam War, to Richard Nixon's policy of detente—until the fall ofthe Berlin Wall—every president placed the containment of communism at theheart of American national security. In his book Sword of the Soul, Shieldof Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy, Andrew Preston emphasizesthat few foreign policies have lasted so long.

       For nearly half acentury, although World War III did not break out as predicted by Stalin, theCold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was accompanied by hotwars from time to time. The United States sent troops to North Korea andVietnam from thousands of miles are typical cases. Commander-in-Chief of theUnited Nations Forces, U.S. Five-Star General Douglas MacArthur saw the entryof U.S. troops into North Korea to aid South Korea as a battle againstcommunism and a war with communism in Asia. In his memoirs, President Trumansaid, I have a deep feeling that if South Korea is allowed to fall, theCommunist leaders will become more and more arrogant in their desire to invadecountries closer to our shores. If the Communists were tolerated to invade the Republic of Koreaby force without being opposed by the free world, no small country would have the courage to resist Threats and aggressionfrom the more powerful communist neighbors. If this act of aggression is notstopped, a third world war will break out, just as it gave rise to the secondworld war as a result of similar events. Therefore, we cannot stand idly by andlet the Communist Imperialists think they can enter North Korea or elsewhere atwill. We must meet this challenge and resist the communist attack on the entirefree world. The root cause of the escalation of the Vietnam War was also tocurb the expansion of communism. As the book Twenty-Four Lectures on theInternational History of the Cold War, edited by Shen Zhihua, said, Vietnamhas almost no value to the United States in terms of economic resources andcommercial interests alone, but as early as the Truman administration, theUnited States no longer judged its value solely in terms of the importance of acertain region itself. In June 1949, a U.S.National Security Council document stated: For us, the expansion of communistrule into China was a bitter political failure ... If communism were to sweepthrough Southeast Asia again, we would suffer a major political rout whoseeffects could be felt in other parts of the world, especially in the MiddleEast and Australia, which has been heavily exposed... The clash of colonialismand nationalism provided fertile ground for the subversive communist movement.It is also now clear that, under the leadership of the Kremlin, a coordinatedoffensive is being waged against Southeast Asia. After Eisenhower entered theWhite House, he further summarized the above cognitive concepts as "dominotheory" and became the guide for U.S. policy toward Indochina. ForWashington, the Vietnam War, the longest war in American history began. If theViet Cong succeeds, non-communist countries in Asia and the rest of the worldwill fall like 'dominoes.' Later, the United States intervened in Lebanon (July15-October 25, 1958) and secretly supported the Cuban Expeditionary Forceinvaded the Cuban "Bay of Pigs" (17 April 1961) and the armedinvasion of Grenada (25 October 1983 Japanese) using the United Nations Army tointervene in the Congolese civil war (October 25–11, 1983 March 2), theAmerican-Liberian War (March 23-24 and April 15, 1986 Day) and so on are basedon Eisenhower's domino theory. Regarding the U.S. occupation of the DominicanRepublic on April 28, 1965, President Lyndon Baynes Johnson put it bluntly: Thecountries of the Americas cannot allow it now, and will not be allowed toestablish another communist government in the Western Hemisphere in the future.

       Second, opposeautocratic governments and support democratic regimes.

       Freedom versusdictatorship, good versus evil. President Woodrow Wilson, the firstself-proclaimed leader of the free world, proposed in 1918: Destroy everyauthoritarian power everywhere that may disturb the peace of the world,individually, secretly and arbitrarily, if it cannot be destroyed at present,at least suppress it to the point of near powerlessness. For more than 100years, Wilson's legacy has become an important part of the American democraticcultural tradition, enduring, inherited by the leaders of the two majorpolitical parties, and continues to carry forward.

       According to BaiduEncyclopedia, autocracy is a form of government ruled by a ruler with unlimitedauthority, unchecked by law and tradition, by personal will. This ruler who hasunlimited power, is called a autoc. A political system formed by the form ofdictatorship is called dictatorship. In modern politics, democracy anddictatorship are seen as opposing concepts. President Reagan believed thatdemocracy is the most glorious form of government, designed by the people.Popular presidential election, multi-party competition, separation of powers,judicial independence, freedom of the press, local autonomy, and thenationalization of the military are the basic characteristics of democracy. TheWestern democratic peace theory holds that dictatorships are prone to war,while democracies rarely engage in wars. German philosopher ImmanuelKant's1795treatiseTo Perpetual Peacewas thefirst to put forward theconceptofpeaceful democracy. He arguedthat most people would never support a war in a vote unless it was indefense. Thus, if all nations were republics,pre-emptiveaggression would never arise and war would never arise. After Kant,Paine,Tocqueville, and others madesimilar claims.

       RudolfJosephRummel is oneof the important scholars of the development of democratic peace theory. He found thatthere were a total of256wars betweennon-democracies and 156 between non-democracies anddemocracies between 1816 and2005, but not a single war betweendemocracies. Rummel himself coinedthe term Democide:any individual or group murdered by the government,includinggenocide, politicalextermination, and holocaust, he noted:I define murder in terms of civil law,that is, someone intentionally or deliberatelykillinganother person, as if locking up a group of people in a concentration camp andcausing them to die of malnutrition or lack of medical care soon after, orforcing them to work, or exiled to deserted areas, so that they will soon dieof poverty and disease. Heargues thatthere is a link between political power and mass extinction, and that ifpolitical power is not limited, there will be more and more politicalmassacres. On the other hand, political violence is rather rare where politicalpower is decentralized, checked and balanced, and supervised. Rummel concludes:The more power a regime has, the more likely its peopleare to be slaughtered. That's why we should advocate freedom. Allowingpolitical power to be concentrated is the most dangerous thing on the planet.According to Rummel's prediction that the number of democracies in the worldwill continue to grow, and will eventually end all human wars and massextinctions, he predicted that this would occur in themiddle ofthe 21st century or even earlier.

       As the world's mostpowerful democracy, both major politicalparties in the United States adhere to democracy andequality.Bill Clinton, the 42ndPresident of theDemocratic Party said thebest way to maintain ournational security and maintain lasting peace is to support democraticdevelopment elsewhere. Democracies do not fight each other.AndtheRepublicanParty's43rdU.S. PresidentGeorge W. Bushalso said:The reason why I supportdemocracy so strongly is precisely because democracies do notgo to war with each other. This is because the vastmajority of the people of society hate war because they understand that war ismeaningless.I have great confidencethat democracy can promote peace. That is why I believe so strongly in theMiddle East that the way forward is to promote democracy.

       The core of democracy isfreedom. So wrote Israeli politician Natan Sharansky in his famous book TheView of Democracy: The Power of Liberty over Tyranny and Terror: Ibelieve that all people desire freedom. I believe that freedom makes the worldsafer, wherever it is. I believe that democracies, led by the United States,can shoulder the important task of extending freedom to the entire world. Thedictatorship, like theslave state, is a tyranny without a future. President George W.Bush made Sharansky's The View of Democracy a must-read for the WhiteHouse and his ideas as the theoretical basis for his foreign policy. In thelong run, there can be no justice without freedom, and there can be no humanrights without the freedom of the people. In hissecond inaugural speechin January2005, he said, whetherfreedomcan exist on our land is increasingly dependent on the triumph of freedom in othercountries. The fervent desire for peace can only stem from the expansion offreedom in the world. Secretary of State Riceput it more bluntly:Supportdemocracy around the world, end tyranny, and transformall the countries of the world into democracies like the United States.

       As the beacon of worlddemocracy, the United States is incompatiblewith dictatorship andtyranny, and willsweep awaythe authoritarian system anddictators in every corner of the earthas its own mission. President Reaganonce said,we don't have the right to subvert a democracy, but wehave the right to subvert a non-democratic country. The Reagan administrationpressed for reform under the conservative military regime of Augusto Pinochetin Chile and the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines. Theformer was persuaded to hold referendums, free elections and removed fromoffice; the latter was overthrown with US co-operation.

       Reagan famously said,the only languagedictators can understand is airplanes and bombs.As a result,the United States often confronts authoritarian governments. On December20, 1989, President GeorgeHerbertWalkerBush ordered27,000U.S. troops to launch a military campaign against Panama,code-namedJust Causeto overthrow the Noriega dictatorship. In September 1994,authorized by the United Nations, the United States launched the"Operation for Democracy" to resolve the Haitian crisis by force,oust the armed forces Commander In chief, Raoul Cedras, who came to power in amilitary coup, and support the first democratically elected president in thehistory of Haiti, J.-B. Aristide is back in power. In 1999, the United States andNATO allies launched the Kosovo War, sanctioned Milosevic, and supportedKostunica's election as president of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.President Clinton said, theYugoslav people haveloudly and unequivocally supported the change towards democracy, and it is timefor Milosevic to step down in response to the voice of the Serbian people andfor a peaceful transition to democracy. As the new Yugoslav leaders commit tobuilding a credible democratic society, we will work with our European alliesto lift sanctions and lift them out of isolation.In 2011, the US military airstrikes on Libya, supporting therebels and overthrowingthe tyrant and single husbandGaddafi. President Obama said that with an end to40years of Qaddafi's"iron fist"rule, Libyans are nowshouldering the responsibility of building a "democratic state." He also said Gaddafi's death ended the long-termsuffering of Libyans and gave Libyans a chance to build a"democratic, tolerantstate." He warned that the"iron fist"regimes in the Arab world would eventually come to anend.

       Thirdly, humanitarianintervention.

       Humanitarian beliefs aresuch an integral part of the American tradition that they must be upheld everywherein the world, at the expense of wealth and, in extreme cases even life. Said inHenryKissinger’s book The Global Strategy of the UnitedStates, "defending human rights and humanitarian values, even byforce when necessary, is called a general principle of the national interest ofthe United States."

       Prior to the SecondWorld War, the sanctity and inviolability of national sovereignty andnon-interference in the internal affairs of States were the universal norms ofthe international community, and this principle was preserved until theCharter of the United Nations signed by the countries of the world afterWorld War II. However, State sovereignty exists to protect the rights ofindividuals. In democracies, the rights of individuals are universal andtranscend national sovereignty. To this end, in 1966, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the InternationalCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the InternationalCovenant on Civil and Political Rights on the basis of the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, paying greater attention to human rights andthe interests of mankind as a whole.

       After taking office,President JimmyCarter incorporatedhuman rights theory into U.S. foreign policy for the first timeandplaced it inthe positionof "core"and"soul". He noted that U.S.responsibility for human rights is a fundamental tenet of our foreign policy.Somebrutalregimesblatantly violate the human rights of their own citizens.As newly elected President, I declare that the protection of human rights willbe the foundation of our nation's foreign policy and have acted tirelessly tofulfill that commitment. He emphasizes thatthe primary goal of U.S.foreign policyshould be to promotehuman rights throughout the world. This country can be expected to stand withthose nations that respect human rights and promote democratic ideals. TheUnited States should become a "beacon" for safeguarding internationalhuman rights. Carterinstitutionalized human rights policy by establishing the HumanRights and Humanitarian Affairs Bureau atthe State Department to deal exclusively withhuman rights-related matters. Asthe first president of the United States after the end ofthe"Cold War", Clinton emphasized thathuman rights are abovesovereigntyand made the promotionof human rights the main goal of US foreign policy.

       From the perspective ofworld history, humanitarian intervention is a major progress in humancivilization. As early as the 17thcentury, the founder ofmodern international lawdoctrinesHugo Grotiusin his famous book TheRight to War and Peace. He pointed out that if a rulerpersecutes his subjects so that no one can be guaranteed in such persecution,human society can exercise those naturally conferred rights, namely humanitarianintervention. The British international law scholar Lauterpatt also believes inOppenheim International Law that if a countrycommits a crime of brutality or persecution against its own people, so as todeny their basic human rights and shock people's conscience, then humaneintervention is permitted by law. The Oxford LegalDictionary defines humanitarian intervention as the use of force byone or more States to interfere in the internal affairs of another State withthe aim of enabling the interfered State to pursue a more humanitarian policy.

       With the end of the ColdWar and the development of globalization, the theory of humanitarianinterventionwas accepted by democracies and, together withthe theory of human rights abovesovereignty, became the moral principle of intervention. Inparticular, in the aftermath of the 1994genocide inRwanda, humanitarian intervention quickly became a new norm for theinternational community. In 1999, British Prime Minister Blair pointed outin his speech on InternationalCommunityismthat globalization hasmade countries a community of destiny that depends on each other, thatinternational and domestic affairs cannot be completely separated, and thathumanitarian disasters within a country will inevitably affect the people ofother countries, and other countries and peoples will naturally have the rightto interfere. The seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, KofiAnnanclearly put forward thetheory humanrights above sovereignty:The most basic meaning of national sovereignty is beingredefined–especially underthe influence of globalization and internationalcooperation. The State is nowuniversally seen as an instrument for theservice of its people, not theother way around. At the sametime, individual sovereignty— I mean the fundamental freedoms ofevery human being enshrined in the Charter of theUnited Nations andsubsequent international treaties. It has beenstrengthened by the renewal and dissemination of individual awareness ofrights. As we read the Charter today, we are more aware than ever that itspurpose is to protect individuals, not those who abuse them. TheUnited Nations is composedof sovereign states, but it upholds the rights of thepeople, not the government. The right of sovereign States to be free fromexternal interference in their internal affairs cannot override human rights,which have the freedom to be free from the threat of grave and systematicviolations. No government has theright to hide behind national sovereigntytoviolate human rightsor thefundamental freedoms of its people. This international norm will certainly takeprecedence over national sovereignty.He reiterates in the preface ofAnnan'sMemoirs intervention: A Life in War and Peace: Nationalsovereignty can never be used as a pretext for genocide and massive violationsof human rights.

       Brzezinski argues: TheUnited States is a world-changing society, and its influence for internationalpolitics based on sovereignty is subversive and even revolutionary.Of course, theUnited Statesfirst recognizes andrespects national sovereignty, but when a country's sovereignty and humanrights conflict, the United States chooses and defends human rights. Freedommeans that human rights are paramount everywhere. For this reason, the UnitedStates can intervene in any country that violates human rights; in this sense,the principle of national sovereignty of non-interference ininternalaffairsis outdated for theUnited States. The invasion of Panama and the overthrow of Noriega were basedonthe theory that human rights abovesovereignty. The United States believes it has an obligation to overthrow acriminal dictator who undermines democracy and human rights and jeopardizesregional security and stability. President Clinton made it even more explicit.In his address to the 54thsession of the General Assembly, he defended theKosovo war: National sovereignty could not bean excuse for the immunity of some countries that trampled on human rights frominterference. Obama said of the war in Libya:Somecountries may turn ablind eye to the atrocities of other countries. The United States of America isdifferent. As president, I refuse to wait for images of massacres and massgraves before taking action.

       Fourthly, opposes thearmed settlement of territorial issues.

       Opposing the use offorce to change territories is a historical tradition of foreign policy afterthe United States entered the world stage. Before the 20thcentury, the use offorce as a means and the launching of wars to expand the territory became a majorway for the country to develop and grow. However, after the end of the FirstWorld War,the Paris Non-War Convention, signed by manycountries in 1928, formally proposed forthe first time the renunciation of war as an instrument of the state's foreign policy,and all disputes or conflicts between states parties, regardless of theirnature and causes, could only be resolved by peaceful means. After the end ofthe Second WorldWar, the principles of theParis Non-War Convention were formally enshrined in the Charter of theUnited Nations. As an advocate and signatory to the Paris Non-WarConvention and the Charter of the United Nations, the United Stateshas taken it as its duty to oppose wars of aggression and safeguard worldpeace, and is known asthe worldpoliceman.

       On December24,1943, President Roosevelt said in hisfireside talkonChristmas Eve: The doctrine that the strong shalldominate the weak is the doctrine of our enemies—and we reject it. But, at thesame time, we are agreed that if force is necessary to keep internationalpeace, international force will be applied—for as long as it may be necessary. Thismoral ideaput forward by Roosevelt was inherited by later presidents of both parties. President George W. Bush once said, one of the reasons fortheestablishmentof the United Nationsafter the SecondWorld War was to actively andearlycurbthe aggressive naturedictatorsdo not allow themthepossibility of attacking and destroying peace against innocent people. On August2,1990, Iraqi forces suddenlyinvaded Kuwait, overthrew the Kuwaiti government and declared the annexation ofKuwait in an attempt to turn it into Iraq's19th provinces. On the same day, President Bush made a speechstrongly condemning Iraq's actions as a naked aggression that"poses a real threatto the national interests of the United States, andannounced the freezing of all Iraqi and Kuwaiti assets in the United States. Atthe same time, a strong military response was made, and two carrier battlegroups wereordered to sail to thegulf less than 1 hour after the Iraqi invasion of Kosovo. Five months later,the United States-led multinational force was authorized by the United NationsonJanuary16, 1991 began a militaryoffensive against Iraqi forces in Kuwait and Iraq. Iraq was not only forced toabandon Kuwait, but after more than a decade of international sanctions, theUnited States launched a second war against Iraq, completely eliminating theSaddam Regime in Iraq. Milosevic's downfall is also directly related to hisefforts to abolish Kosovo's autonomy and attempt to establish a"Greater Serbia" through violence.

       OnFebruary24,2022, following Crimea, thewar of the Russian invasion of Ukraine broke out. The United States has notintervened directly militarily, but has been ramping up aid to help Ukraineresist an invasion. We spent months building a coalition of otherfreedom-loving countries, from Europe and the Americas to Asia and Africa, tofight Putin. In his State of the Union address, Biden noted thatwe work with our allies to support Ukrainians in theirstruggle for freedom, military aid, economic aid, humanitarianaidup to $40billion,committed to receiving100,000Ukrainianrefugees. TheUkraineDemocracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022 wasintroduced. At the same time, theimposition ofeconomic sanctions onRussia, which is considered to be the largest scale ever, including thefreezing of foreign exchange assets of the Russian central bank, the ban onsovereign debt transactions, the investment ban, the blacklist sanctions,export controls,SWIFTdelisting, etc., have destroyed the abilityto fund Putin's war machine in all aspects. Russian President Vladimir Putin was designated awar criminal by the United States and was also subjected to the most severe sanctions inhistory, becoming the head of state sanctioned by the West who successor toBelarusian President AlexanderLukashenko and SyrianPresident Bashar Assad.

       Fifth, combat terroristorganizations.

       After 9·11 in 2001, President George W.Bush's firstand most important decision was to treat the attack and the future threat ofterrorism as awar, nota policingissue. George W. Bush pointed out:In the face of obvious facts of dangerous existence, wecannot wait for the final evidence—conclusiveevidence that may come in the form of a mushroom cloud. To thisend,the first National SecurityStrategy report released by the George W. Bush administration noted that inorder to prevent the recurrence of terrorist attacks,if necessary, the United States will adopt a pre-emptivestrategy. We must be prepared to stop rogue states and their terrorist proxiesbefore they threaten U.S. security or before they use weapons of massdestruction to attack the United States and its allies. The U.S.-Initiated Warin Afghanistan (October7, 2001– December12, 2014), "Second Gulf War"(March20,2003–December18,2011) and sanctions againstIran, the fight against islamic state, etc. are based onthe "war on terror" Ethical principles.

       The rise of great powershas entered a new era

       Of the United Stateslaunched the war although each are not identical, but further research, we canfind some common features: act as to maintain the international rules and orderof the police, coalition Allies to maintain collective security, innovation inorder to "precision strikes, an act" as the characteristics ofmilitary model, not to occupy the land for the purpose, the pursuit of peace infive aspects, such as the most outstanding of all mankind.

       Noted in Kissinger’s book The Great Diplomacy (RevisedEdition), the elder Rooseveltsaid it well in a speechatacongressin 1902: International politicaland economic relations are becoming increasingly complex, and interdependencemakes itincreasinglyobligatory for allthe great powers on the track of civilizationto insist on proper police behavior toward the world. Thismay be an abuse of the title of "World Policeman"for the United States.

       Before World War II,human society was basicallyin a state of disorder.Wars have risen and fallen, theworld map andinternational order havebeen constantly changing, and the people have suffered from war. After the endof World War II, in order to avoid war and maintain world peace, under theleadership of the United States, a rules-based international order wasgradually established. As the general statute of international rules and theinternational order, the Charter of the United Nations strictly limitsthe right of States to use force within the scope ofself-defense and establishesthe principle of prohibiting the use of force and the threatof force. Forthe first time inhistory, war as a means for sovereign states to resolve disputes was universallyprohibited by international treaty law, and the maintenance of world peace andsecurity has become an important value goal of international law. At the sametime,the core organ of theUnited Nations, the Security Council, has grantedthe right to impose sanctions by force and to intervene collectively. TheUnited States participated in and led the formulation of a series ofinternational laws, which have become the basic basis for U.S. global action asan international principle for maintaining world peace and security. Amongthem, the agreements, treaties, communiques, joint declarations, etc. signedbetween countries all fall within the scope of international law. Americansfirmly believe that the cornerstone of the internationalorder lies ininternational lawandtrust between nations. As theworld'spoliceman, America protectsprinciples rather than interests, and America protects laws rather than might,the most sacred and inviolable doctrines of U.S. military force, from World WarII to1965. From the escalation ofthe situation in Vietnam tothe 1991Gulf War, it was all enshrined as a guideline. To this day,the United States is deeply involved in the Russo-Ukrainian War, and this isstill the case.

       President Truman noted:Since World War II, wehave done our bestto establish an international organizationto maintainworld peace. So,unlike other countries, U.S. military interventionsareoftencoordinated with allies. This was the U.S.-ledcommon defenseforceof thefree worldafter World War II.Truman once told FrenchPrime Minister Plivein: The policy of the United States is based on thepremise that the world peace we are striving for cannot be divided, and onlycollective security can bring peace to the world.Kissingerargues that for threehundred years European countries have been seeking a balance of nationalinterests to maintain the world order. Its essence is power politics. PresidentWoodrow Wilson, who brought the United States into World War I and the worldstage, challenged European tradition and spearheaded the creation of a worldorganization, the League of Nations, in his famous Fourteen Points for Peacein 1918 to maintain peace through "collective security" rather thanalliances.

       Collective securityis a completely new concept,whichKissinger specifically explained in his book Great Diplomacy:Collectivesecurity does not target specific threats, does not guarantee the security ofindividual countries, and treats all countries equally. In theory, its purposeis to confront any threat that threatens the peace, regardless of which Stateinitiates and targets the threat. Kissinger pointed out thatthe covenantmust have an imaginary enemy; collective security is the preservation ofabstract international law, just as a country's judicial system defends itscriminal law. It also, like domestic law, does not first assume that there isan offender. For the Covenant, the justification for war was that its interestsand the security of its allies were attacked. Collective security, on the otherhand, assumes that the principle ofpeacefulsettlementof disputes serves the common interests of peoples throughout the world. Theviolation of this principle constitutes a condition for the commencement ofwar.Wilsonbelievedthat an international coalition based on a collective security treaty againstthe aggressorswould be more peaceful than an unambitious allianceforged for military needs. He was convinced that the nations of the worldhad the sameinterests as the average, and wouldtherefore unite to punish those who breached the peace. He proposedthat the international order be defended by the moral consensus of thepeace-loving people, under thesupervisionof the world organizationLeague of Nations, power willbe subject to morality, the force willbe directed by the will of the people.

       During World War II, in 1942President FranklinRoosevelt put forward the UnitedNations proposal on the basis of Wilson's concept ofcollectivesecurity and leagueof nations. After the end of World War II, onOctober24, 1945, the Charter of the United Nations signed in SanFrancisco, United States, and the United Nations was formally established. InAugust1949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a militaryalliance led by the United States, was established. There were12founding member states at the time, and as ofMarch27, 2020, it had grown to30memberstates. In addition, the United States has formed the Five Eyes Alliance withthe United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

       More than 100 years ago, PresidentWilson's plan tomaintain world peace with the League of Nationsgradually became areality. After North Korea invaded South Korea onJune25, 1950, theUnited States united more than 20countries to form theUnited Nations Army. Authorized by the United NationsSecurity Council, it landed from Inchon to support South Korea in its defenseagainst North Korea. According to PresidentTruman, including the countries that paid money and goods,42countries provided assistance to theUnited Nations at that time. For the first time in history, a country thatwants peace has taken up arms to stop aggression under the banner of aninternational organization. Truman told his fellow Americans, we mustremember that we are the leaders of the free world. We must understand that wecannot achieve peace on our own, but only in cooperation with other freenations and freedom-loving men and women everywhere. Similarly, in 1999, during the Kosovo War,of the19NATO member states, theUnited States was the mainstay,13countries were directly involved in the war, and theremaining6countries providedlogistical support to the front. On March20, 2003, the United States,together with the United Kingdom, Australia, Denmark, and Poland, formed ajoint force tobypass the UnitedNations Security Council and unilaterally launch a military strike against Iraqon the grounds that Iraq harbored weapons of mass destruction and secretlysupported terrorists. In the Russia-Ukrainian War, NATO led by the UnitedStates and the European Union provided all-round assistance to Ukraine.

       After countless wars andhigh-tech advances, the United States has gradually formed a military modelwithprecisionstrikes and decapitation operationsas the main features. This was a major change in theworld military after World War II. It can integrate global war resources, haveaccurate cross-border long-range attack power, and subvert the concept oftraditional battlefields; it not only has traditional absolute sea and airsupremacy, but also has modern high-techelectromagnetic rights,thus turning geographical warfare into electromagnetic warfare and making theenemydeaf and blind. It transforms traditionalcarpet warfare intonon-contact combatandsurgical warfare. It effectivelydistinguishes the dictatorfrom thepeople, and concentratesthe war firepower on the enemy's supreme leadership and its command apparatus,so thatthe whole peopleparticipate in the war and the military and the people are integrated. Gone are the days when the peoplebecame instruments and victims of war; they controlledthe initiative in war and replaced protracted local warswith quick decisions. In the Gulf War, the US military launched an attack onthe Iraqi army in accordance with this military model, first destroying theIraqi command structure and ground air defense system, and then destroying itselectricity, energy, communications, bridges, roads, airports and otherinfrastructure, and finally starting ground operations with the Iraqi combattroops to destroy its personneland troops. This featureof the Kosovo War was more fully reflected, the Yugoslav army was basically notseriously damaged, and NATO ended the war. In the1986U.S.-Libyan conflict,the2001War in Afghanistan, and the2003Iraq War, the U.S.military directly targeted the enemy's top leaders with precision strikes. Inthe war on terror against Iran and the Islamic State, the US military hasapplied the military model of precision strike decapitation operation to agreater degree. Brigadier Soleimani of Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard CorpsQuds Force, Islamic State supreme leader ABU Bakr al-Baghdadi, and MohammadQureshi were all victims of the targeted beheadings.

       President George W. Bushis deeply proud of the progress made by the United States military. With thecollapse of saddam statues, we are seeing the arrival of a new era. In hisspeech aboard the using the aircraft carrier USS Lincoln after the end of theIraq War, he noted:

       In the war over NaziGermany and the Empire ofJapan, Allied forces destroyed the entire city. However, untilthe end of the war, the leaders of the enemy countries who started the warremainedunharmed. At that time, in order to endthe rule of one regime, it was necessary to inflict massive destruction on theentire nation. Today, we have a much stronger ability to destroy a dangerousregime that is aggressive, and with new tactics and precision-guided weapons,we can achieve our military objectives without causing greater harm tocivilians.

       As early as September 2002, the George W. Bush administration's NationalSecurity Strategy report pointed out:Now we need to redefinethe fundamental role of U.S. military power. We must develop and maintain theunchallenged position of superiority of U.S. military power...We must build a militaryforce strong enough to deter any potential adversaries and curb their ambitionsto seek military development in an attempt to surpass or even level U.S.military power. 20years later, as the Americanscholar AmyCai pointed out in herbook Day of Empire, the United States now has unimaginably hugemilitary strike capabilities, and no opponent can compete with it.

       Unlike historical empires, the United Statesfrequently waged wars and did not aim at occupying the territory of othercountries. Before World War II, Alexander's Empire, the Roman Empire, the ArabEmpire, the OttomanEmpire, the MongolEmpire, the Portuguese Empire, the Spanish Empire, the Dutch Empire, theAustro-Hungarian Empire, the French Empire,the British Empire, theRussian Empire, etc.,rose and fell, prospered and declined, all with war as the engine. The fruitsof the war were mainly the extension of territoryand the expansion of colonies. As the largest colonialempire in the historyof the world, theBritish Empire ruled an area of about34 millionsquare kilometers at its peak, and the British flag flewin every corner of the world. The most notable feature of the Imperial Russian Period of Peter the Greatand Ekaterina of Russia was the internalsuppression of foreign territorial expansion and the struggle for Europeanhegemony. During Ecaterina's reign, there were six foreign wars: threepartitions of Poland, two Russo-Turkish wars, and one Russo-Swedish war,andRussian territory had reached 1705 from 730,000 square kilometers in the mid-18th centuryto 1705by the time of theempress's death 10,000 square kilometers. Fascist Germany and Japan, followingin the footsteps of the traditional empire, launched theWorld War II in a vain attempt to divide the world, but were thwarted by theWorldAnti-Fascist League. Since then, the riseof great powers has entered a new era:from conquest tocommerce, from invasion to immigration, from autocracy to democracy.

       As the world's onlysuperpowertoday, theUnited States has so farnot had a single colony or encroached on the territory of any country. As theworld police of peace, itgenerallyintervenesor providesmaterial assistance in support of democratic forces when one country invades another country, or when civilunrest occurs in some countries. After the end of the war, the garrison wascarried out for a certain period of time, the democratization reform of thepeople was carried out, and finally the country was handed over to thedemocratically elected government. Truman said,we completely defeated the enemy, forced them tosurrender, and then helped them recover, become democracies, and join theinternational community. Only the United States would do that. Reagan alsosaid,the American people are compassionate people. When thewar is over, the Americans help rebuild the Allies, including our enemies, andwe do so in the hope of helping the innocent victims of bad governments and badpolicies, because only if they prosper will the world be more stable.

       Compared with thetraditional empire, the newly emerging United States is a different kind:basing foreign policy on morality, transforming the values that have alwaysbeen regarded as unique to the United States into universal principlesapplicable to the unity of all mankind, closely linking the interests of allcountries in the world with their own interests, and striving for a more justnew international order and pursuing peace for all mankind. This is calledidealism in world diplomatictheory, or rather,WilsonianidealismorWilsonianism,which is thetheoretical foundations of U.S. foreignpolicy in the 20thcentury.

       Kissinger argues thatfor centuries, European-style diplomacy has been designed to balance theever-changing powers of nations. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessaryto be morally neutral and constantly adjusted to the subtle changes in rights.Against this backdrop, the United States has pursued an "isolationist"foreign policy. AndWilson's appearance was a turning point in Americanhistory, an example of a rare leader who radically changed the course of hiscountry's history. The United States could enter World War I only on behalf ofthe people of the world, not just for itself, and only as a champion of freedomfor all mankind. As early as1915, Wilson hadalready made an unprecedentedclaim:The security of the United States is inseparable from thesecurity of all mankind. In his speech calling for Congress to declare war on Germany inApril1917, he pointed out: In the finalanalysis, rights are more precious than peace, so we must fight for what isclosest to our hearts, for democracy, for those who fight for the right toparticipate in politics. The fight for the rights and freedoms ofsmall states, the World War II for the righteous kingdom of one big nation, in which all freepeoples live in harmony, and this will bring peace and security to all nationsand ultimately to a free world. For this cause, we are able to give our livesand wealth to all that we have. He described Americanengagement in Europe as a reform movement to "end all wars" and"create a safe world for democracy. Wilson believes that maintaining peacewill depend on the consensus of the world and backed by mechanisms withpolicefunctions, rather than from the traditional calculationof the strength of powerful and weak countries. Theold systemof balance of power andalliances was replaced bydemocratic collectives as trustees of peace.

       Never before has anation shown such noble sentiments, let alone put them into practice. But underthe influence of American idealism, such sentiments have become a staple of thecountry's foreign policy. Kissingerpointed out thatno other country has ever wanted to lead the world forthe benefit of other countries. What other countries care about is whethertheir own interests can be matched with those of other countries. But sinceWilson,successive presidents of the United States have regardedthe selflessness of the Grand Duke of the United States as themain callfor American leadership of the world. PresidentJohnKennedy affirmed that America's goal isto maintainpeace not only for Americans, but for all the men, women and children of theworld; not only for the peace of our time, but for all generations. LyndonJohnson stressed that in his efforts to prevent theCommunist Party from taking over Vietnam, he fulfilled a moral obligation, notto achieve the national interest, because altruism is the foundation of allU.S. policy:As long as anyone in Southeast Asia asks us to helpdefend their freedom, we should provide protection. Our only wish, and our onlydetermination, is for the people of South-East Asia to live in peace and toachieve their destiny in their own way. Nixon said:

       I can state on behalf ofthe United States the following: We do not covet anyone's territory, we do notwant to dominate other peoples; we seek the right to live in peace, not onlyfor ourselves, but also for the sake of humanity around the world. Our power isused only to keep the peace, not to destroy it.

       The most classic case isthe Intervention of the United States in defusing the nuclear crisis inSino-Soviet relations in 1969. At that time, the Soviet Union deployedheavy troops on the 4,000-mile-longSino-Sovietborder to prepare for a surgical nuclear strike against China to solve theChinese threat once and for all. Based on the United States' consistent standagainst communism, it is entirely possibleto watch thesetwo communist giants fight each other and reap the benefits. However, this isnot an option for the United States. The United States firmly sided with Chinaand warned the Soviet Union that if it attacked China, the United States wouldnot turn a blind eye. We will not take advantage of the hostility between theSoviet Union and the People's Republic of China for profit. The ideologicalambiguity between these two communist giants is none of our business. But wecannot but be deeply concerned that the gradual escalation of this dispute willundermine international peace and security. As secretary of state in the Nixonadministration, Kissinger commented:

       Nixon is thus arguably the most special of any U.S. presidentof the century. He has shown his readiness to support a country thathas nothad diplomatic relations with the United States for 20 years. Hisadministration has so far had no level of engagement with the country, and evendiplomats and the media in the country have denounced American"imperialism" at the first opportunity.

       Thus, human peace andinternational security transcend ideology, political systems, and nationalinterests—the essential difference between the newly emerging United States andthe traditional empire.

       Build a world democraticcommunity

       The United States is a country with a strong Christian faith. Juxtaposed withthe U.S. Constitution and theDeclarationof Independence, the Bible is regardedas the "founding text" of the founding of the United States.President Roosevelt went so far as to say thatdemocracyand Christianity weretwo different phases of the same civilization; Trumanregarded theCold Waras a battle between Christianity and atheism. According toReagan,Americans' experiments with democracy were based on pietyto God. In theeyes of the Americans,the mission of American democracy to liberate the worldfrom the oppression of autocrats is precisely the secular expression ofChristianity destined to save the world from Satan's rule. In the real world, the religious mission of the old Puritanswas gradually transformed intofreedom, democracy,andhuman rights and other secular political missions thatalso embody religious fervor. Diplomatically, President George W. Bush's viewis representative:The U.S. nationalsecurity strategy is based on two pillars: the first is to promote freedom,justice, and human dignity, that is, to work to end tyranny, promote effectivedemocracy, and expand prosperity; the second is to assemble a growingdemocratic community.Thebest goal in our worldto end tyranny is American policy. ......The goal of our politicians is to help build ademocratic, well-governed world.

       Here, President GeorgeW. Bush proposes an important concept: a democratic community. His predecessor,President Clinton, explained the concept in more detail. Clinton first proposedthe concept of World Democratic Community in his speech to the48th session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 27, 1993, when he laid out theposition and goals of the United States after the Cold War. He replaced thecontainment strategy with expanding democracy. Clinton noted:

       In this new era of bothdanger and opportunity, our primary goal must be to expand and strengthen themarket-based world democratic community. During the Cold War, we tried tocontain threats to the survival of liberal institutions. Now we seek to expandthe scope of the state that lives under these liberal regimes. Because ourdream is that one day, the opinions and energies of everyone in the world willbe fully expressed, in a world where prosperous democracies cooperate with eachother and live side by side in peace.

       Clinton likened this goal to the Crusades. He said theUnited States believes that the expansion of a market-democratic community isnot only in our own security interests, but also in advancing the goalsenshrined in the Charter of the United Nations of this body and its UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights. Because broad-based prosperity is clearly themost powerful form of preventive diplomacy. The habit of democracy is the habitof peace. Democracy is rooted in compromise, not conquest. It rewardstolerance, not hatred. Democracies rarely go to war with each other. They havebecome more reliable partners in trade, diplomacy and global environmentalgovernance. In democracies where the rule of law and respect for politics,religion and culture, minorities are more sensitive to their own people and tothe protection of human rights.

       In his book GreatDiplomacy, Kissinger revealed the basic belief shared by Americans: TheUnited States has the best political system in the world, and other human beingscan only achieve peace and prosperity if they abandon traditional diplomacyand embracedemocracy and international law like the United States. Andthe vast majority of American leaders were as convincedthen as they do now that the United States had a special mission to spread itsvalues for world peace. Wilson repeated the belief that the United Stateshas grown into a world power, it must fight to the end to promote Americanism,which symbolizes freedom, democracy and peace, to the world. Roosevelt madeit clear that democracy would spread and replace other methods of ruling thepeople. Truman said that the United States, thegreatest andgreatest under the sun republic in history, has assumedthe leadership of the world; it seeks prosperity not only for itself but alsofor the people of the world. Kennedy declared passionately,every nationshould be made to understand that whatever he wants us to be lucky or unlucky,we will pay any price, bear any burden, overcome any hardship, support anyfriend, oppose any enemy, and ensure theexistenceand success of freedom. Nixoncautioned: Ifthe mostpowerful nation in the world,the UnitedStates of America, acts like a poor, desperategiant, The forces of totalitarianism andanarchism will threaten all the free nations and liberal systems of the world.The United States cannot flesh out its traditions unless it always standsshoulder to shoulder with those who struggle for freedom and human dignity. Reagan solemnlyassured thatAmerica will become amodel of freedomanda light ofhope. Clinton declared:No international security issue is more urgent thanensuring the triumph of democracy around the world...It is time for the United States to lead a united andresolute global coalition of democracies, just as it has led a global coalitionto defeat communism. George W. Bush positioned U.S. policy asseeking andsupporting the democracy movements that have grown up in countries around theworld and in various cultural contexts, seeking and supporting theinstitutionalization of democracy. The ultimate goal is to end any totalitariansystem in the world. In short,Americans, with a savior mentality, force other countriesto choose democracy and liberal systems.

       In order to advance democraticvalues and solve the problems of non-democratic countries, president George W.Bush passed the Promotion of Democracy Act of 2005 at the beginning of his second term. This is a milestone in the history of the UnitedStates, which has enabled the United States to promoteliberaldemocratic values around the world from the moral andpolicy level to the legal system.

       The main part of theBill on the Promotion of Democracyincludessix chapters, including the activities of the State Department, alliances withother democracies, sources of funding for the promotion of democracy, supportfor special regional initiatives, the President's actions and the NationalSecurity Council. In the preface, Findings, the Bill explains theunderlying reasons for the U.S. global expansion of democracy in threeimportant ways: First, some countries have been lacking democracy, freedom, andfundamental human rights, which are inconsistent with the universal values onwhich the United States is based, and pose a security threat to the UnitedStates, its interests, and friends, as in countries where radicalism,extremism, and terrorism may be rampant. Secondly,there is an interrelationship betweennon-populist rule and other threats to international peace and security,including war, genocide, famine, poverty, drug trafficking, corruption, refugeeflows, human trafficking,religious persecution,environmental degradation and discrimination against women. The Bill statesthat wars between democracies are extremely rare, and wars betweennon-democracies are commonplace, with nearly170million people dying as a result of the policies of totalitariangovernments. The Billargues thatthereis a strong correlation between non-democratic rule and famine. 77 percent ofthe world's refugees come from countries that lack electoral democracy. Innon-democratic countries, women often face particular difficulties and lackopportunities, and trafficking in women and children is often rampant. Third,there is a positive relationship between economic and political freedom andenvironmental protection. A world that fully reflects fundamental andpolitical rights will be free from dictatorship. Such a world would besafer, more just, more peaceful, prosperous and stable. States that lackfreedom and democracy necessarily limit the full potential of humanity.

       In order to advancedemocratic values to non-democratic countries, the Bill proposes nine policies:1) promote foreign freedom and democracy as a fundamental part of U.S. foreignpolicy; 2) Affirm the fundamental freedoms and human rights of foreign Statesand condemn violations of those freedoms and rights as an essential part of theforeign policy of the United States; 3) To support, promote, and strengthenforeign democratic principles, practices, and values, including the right tofree, fair, and open elections, secret ballot, and universal suffrage, by allmeans of U.S. influence; 4) To protect and promote fundamental political,social and economic freedoms and rights, including freedom of association,expression, the press and religion, as well as the right to own privateproperty; 5) To protect and promote respect for and observance of the rule oflaw in foreign Countries; 6) To provideappropriate support to organizations, individuals and movements located innon-democratic countries that aspire to live freely and to establish fulldemocracy in those countries; 7) Providing political, economic and othersupport to foreign countries that voluntarily transition to democracy; 8)Applying U.S. foreign policy to the long-term challenge of promoting universaldemocracy; 9) Strengthen alliances and relations withother democraciesto better promote and defend sharedvalues and ideals.

       The Promotion ofDemocracy Act cites the important idea emphasized by President George W. Bush in his inaugural address andState of the Union address thatupholding the pursuit of freedom is the driving ideal ofU.S. foreign policy. George W. Bush alsomade it clear thatthe best way to defendfreedom is to spread it to places where tyranny is rampant, opportunities arestifled, and terrorism breeds. The promulgation of thePromotion of Democracy Act has put forward a legal basis and joint actionguidelines for the two parties in the United States to further promoteliberaldemocracy in the world. Any country that ignores or challenges the values ofAmerican freedom and democracy, promotes communism, imposes dictatorship, violateshuman rights, changes territory by force, and carries out terrorist activitiesis regarded as anevil empire, axis of evil, Rogue statesorevil forcesare subject to economicsanctions or military strikes.

       President Roosevelt oncesaid, the desire for democracy is not just the latest stage in humanhistory. It is human history. As early as 1945, at the end of World War II, General Marshall, then Chief of Staff of the Army, reported to theSecretary of War: the power of American democracy has never been so evident,and we have never seen so clearly that we can have such a profound impact onthe future of humanity. After nearly80years of war and struggle, the democratic world community of theUnited States has become larger and larger. In particular, after the collapseof the Soviet Union and the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, the countries ofthe former Soviet Communistcamp have fallen to theAmerican capitalist camp. According to the global democracy timetablearticle,there were3democraciesin the world in 1800, 13 in 1900, and 20 in 1950,30in1970. By2015, there were about130of them.That is, between1970and2015, the number ofcountries with multiparty democraticelections increased by100. In December 2021,theUnited States hosted the World Leaders' DemocracySummit, and110countries wereinvited to attend.

       Looking at the world,the tide of democracy, as the world's second largesteconomy,China cannot become anisland. More than 40years ago, China conformed to the trend of the worldand implemented a policy of reform and opening up --in essence, reform was a reform thatabandoned communism and turned to liberal democracy; opening up was an openingup to a democratic world dominated by the United States. Aftermore than 40years of reform and opening up,China's economy has not only achieved rapid development, but also integratedall aspects of social life into the international democratic society, thuslaying a solid foundation for democratic political change. In this regard,President Carter's national securityadviserBrzezinski, who contributed to the decisive milestone in the establishment ofdiplomatic relations between the United States and China, made a brilliant analysis in his book Strategic Vision:

       In that setting and in the longer run, it is doubtful that China could make itselfpermanently impermeable to pressures from an increasingly interdependent andinterconnected world from which it could perhaps only isolate itself at greatcost. The cumulative consequences of the emergence of an internationally awaremiddle class, the countless Chinese who will have studied abroad, theinevitably growing appeal to millions of university students of democracy as away of life as well as the expression of their personal dignity, the sheerinability in the age of interactive communications of even a determinedpolitical elite to impose on society airtight ideological isolation, all arguefor the proposition that an eventually modern and more prosperous China, too, will become more inclined to join the democratic mainstream.

       Democracy and authoritarianism: a new international order is taking shape

       In its internationalexchanges, the United States is accustomed to using the values of liberaldemocracy as an important yardstick for measuring the positions and factions ofvarious countries, and has formed a solidified mindset in more than 200years of development. During the Cold War, the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union wasunderstood as a struggle to save the worldbetween good versus evil, democratic forces versusauthoritarianism,capitalism versus communism, and democracyversus communism. Christianity versus Atheism. In the current of worlddemocratization, with the end of the Cold War between capitalism and communism, the UnitedStates directlydivided the world intotwo camps, one is liberal democracy, the other one is Authoritarian dictatorship. We are experiencing aglobal struggle between authoritarians and democracies. Since its inception, the Biden administration hasheld high the banner of liberal democracy andis committedto expandingthe alliance of democracies againstChina. As Gao Yusheng, former Chinese ambassador to Ukrainesaid, the Russo-Ukrainian War completelyended the Yaltasystem and the remnants of the Cold War, and the worldbegan to move toward a new pattern and order of international relations.

       The Russo-Ukrainian waris the latest manifestation of a new international order. On March2, 2022, the United Nations General Assembly overwhelminglycondemned Russia's invasion of Ukraine and demanded an immediate and totalwithdrawal. 181 of the 193member states of the United Nations voted. Of these, 141supported the resolution condemning Moscow, with only5member states opposingand35abstaining, withoutprejudice to the two-thirds majority required for its adoption.

       The United States sawthe war as a new freedom war and a democratic war. In a speech to Poland onMarch 26, Biden noted: And now, in the perennial struggle for democracy andfreedom, Ukraine and its people are on the frontlines fighting to save theirnation. He saw Ukraine's anti-aggression struggle against Russia as a greatstruggle for freedom, a battle between democracy and despotism, a battlebetween freedom and repression, a struggle between a rules-based order and anorder ruled by violence. Ukraine's courageous resistance is part of the largerbattle to unite all free people on important democratic principles: the rule oflaw, free elections, freedom of speech, freedom of writing and assembly,freedom of belief, and freedom of the press, these principles are the key to afree society. Russia has managed to cause something I’m sure he neverintended: The democracies of the world are revitalized with purpose and unityfound in months that we’d once taken years to accomplish. The West's helpto defend Ukraine against a Russian invasion is about defending democracy forgenerations around the world. He said, the test of this moment is the testof all time. And finally, and most urgently, we maintain absolute unity- we must - among the world’s democracies. We will have a different future - abrighter future rooted in democracy and principle, hope and light, of decencyand dignity, of freedom and possibilities, he stressed.

       Zhao Yixiang, the formerhead of the political group of Taiwan's representative office in the UnitedStates, said in an interview with VOA, this war has made the boundariesbetween the global authoritarian camp and the democratic camp clearer, and allcountries must re-declare the camp to which they belong, and now people haveseen that most countries in the world are on the side of democracy and freedom,and they are also re-recognizing the threat from authoritarian countries.

       It's a conflict betweenthe rule of law and rule by the barrel of a gun, a clash between democracy andauthoritarianism, a clash between a rules-based order and naked aggression. TheChairman of the Executive Committee of the European Union, von der Leyen, saidin the European Parliament on  March1, 2022: How we respond to Russia's actions today willdetermine the future of the international system.

       U.S. Secretary of State Blinken said during a visit to Estonia on March 8: This is PresidentPutin’s war to subjugate a sovereign, democratic country.  And until heends it, the world will hold him accountable.

       On March15, the prime ministers of the Czech Republic, Slovenia andPoland braved artillery fire on behalf of the European Unionto visit Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. Polish PrimeMinister Mikhail Morawiecki tweeted photos of the three prime ministers meetingwith President Zelensky, writing:In war-torn Kiev,history is being made. Here, freedom struggles against world tyranny.

       Ukrainian PresidentZelensky's video addressto the Senate and House of Representatives of the U.S. Congress on March 16drew solidarity and support from both democrats and republican parties inWashington. Speaker of the House of Representatives Pelosi said,Yes, all are in awe of the extraordinary courage anddetermination of the Ukrainian people, who defend not only their democracy, butalso democracy all over the world.

       Although China has triedto emphasize that Ukraine and Taiwan are not the same since the outbreak of theUkrainian War, analysts point out that the war has once again made America'sallies and partners in Europe and Asia clearly aware of the dangers ofauthoritarian powers, fearing that a vicious war will one day break out in theTaiwan Strait region. This has broughtthe United States and Europe to an unprecedented level ofunity, and under the leadership of the United States, NATO not only continuesto expand eastward, but also has the potential to become a global militaryalliance and turn the deterrence to Asia. Although China policy in manyEuropean countries began to change before the war, the war accelerated tochange the tone of European policy. Germany'scurrent new government is very different from Merkel's pre-war policies. Contrary to its previous practice ofnot interfering in Asian affairs, the EU proposed to strengthen its militarypresence in the Indo-Pacific region and play a more active and effective rolein regional security in the Indo-Pacific Cooperation Strategy and GlobalGateway policy documents released last year. The EU Foreign MinistersCouncil released the EU Indo-Pacific Cooperation Strategy Report, whichdetails the background of the EU's participation in Indo-Pacific affairs, andhighlights the strengthening of pragmatic cooperation and military expansion inthe Indo-Pacific region. Since last year, Britain, France, Germany and othercountries have successively sent ships into the western Pacific. In April, under the auspices ofthe United States, the NATO Foreign Ministers' Meeting, in addition to invitingUkraine, invited four Asia-Pacific countries, Japan, South Korea, Australia andNew Zealand, to participate, andrevised the strategicdirection and action guidelines for the first time in 12 years, focusing onChina Factor. South Korea has been cautious about Chinafor years given its economic ties to China, but a series of signs in recentmonths suggest a growing willingness to side with the United States. SouthKorea recently made a high-profile announcement of its membership in nato cyberorganizations. The group, based in Tallinn, estonia, has been characterized byChina as an international military organization actively involved incyberattacks. On May 20, President Yoon Seok-Youland U.S. President Joe Biden visited Samsung Electronics semiconductor plant inPyeongtaek and announced their willingness to form an economic and securityalliance with the United States.

       FormerWhite House NSC Senior Director for Asia-Pacific Affairs Michael MGreen told The Associated Press that America'sallies in Europe and Asia realized for the first time that they shared therisks they faced, and for the first time in the postwar era, there was asituation in which U.S. allies in Europe and allies in Asia really cametogether. According to VOA, after a series ofshuttle diplomacy around strengthening US-EU relations after the Ukrainian War,the United States recently lost no time in shifting its focus to Asia andfurtherconsolidating a united front from North America to Europe and from East Asia toSoutheast Asia to counter China.

       The Iron Curtain willfall again, not only from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, but will also form afinal showdown between the Western-dominated camp and its competitors. Hu Wei,vice chairman of the Public Policy Research Center of the Counsellor's Officeof the State Council of China, argued in his article The Possible Outcome ofthe Russo-Ukrainian War and China's Choice that the West will draw a linebetween democracies and dictatorships, and define differences with Russia as astruggle between democracy and dictatorship. The new Iron Curtain is no longerdrawn between the two camps of socialism and capitalism, nor is it limited tothe Cold War, but is a life-and-death battle between Western democracy andanti-Western democracy. The iron plate of the Western world under the IronCurtain will have a siphon effect on other countries, the US Indo-Pacificstrategy will be consolidated, and Japan and other countries will furtherclosely follow the United States. The United States will build anunprecedentedly broad democratic united front. Hu Wei's analysis is completelyconsistent with the historical mission of the United States to build a worlddemocratic community.

       Peaceful reunificationof Taiwan: the cornerstone of the establishment of diplomatic relations betweenthe United States and China

       As an important memberoftheWorldDemocratic Community,Taiwanis afocal point in U.S.-China relations.As early as1972and1978, in the two joint communiques signed successively by thetwo countries,the Chinese side put forward threeconditions: severing diplomatic relations with Taiwan, withdrawing troops fromTaiwan, and terminating the US-Taiwan Mutual Defense Treaty, and the USside all agreed to it. However, when it comes to the Taiwan issue, thetwo sides havenot reached a consensus. Reunifying Taiwanis regarded by theChinese Government as a core interest,a great cause of the nation, and a historical mission,and as to when and in what way Taiwan will be liberated, it isChina's internal affair, and no other country has the right tointerfere.The United States is not opposed toChina's reunification of Taiwan, but it must be done in apeacefulmanner, whichis aprerequisite for theestablishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and China.

       On December13,1978, at the final stage of negotiations, the real leader ofChinaand Vice Premier DengXiaoping accepted they must abide by the requirement of a peaceful settlementof the Taiwan issue. So, two days later,on December15(Washington time),China and the UnitedStates simultaneously issued the Communique on the Establishment ofDiplomatic Relations between China and the United States.

       In a televised addressthat evening about the establishment of diplomatic relations between the UnitedStates and China, President Carter said, ... These results attest to thesteady, resolute and concerted bipartisan efforts of my country aimed atbuilding a world in which peace is the goal and responsibility of allNations". The normalization of U.S.-China relations serves no purposeother than to promote peace.

       On January 1, 1979, the day China and the United States establisheddiplomatic relations, China issued the Message to Taiwan Compatriots.This is the fourth time that China has publicly issued astatement on Taiwan policy since the 1949cross-strait confrontation. At the same time, XuXiangqian, Minister of National Defense of the People's Republic of China,issued a statement on stopping the shelling of GreaterKinmen Island, Little Kinmen Island, Da dan Dao, Er Dan Island and otherislands since 1958. The letter to the Taiwan compatriots this time is oflandmark historical significance; it put an endto the situation of military confrontation between thetwo sides of the strait in the past 30 years and put forward newprinciples for Dealing with Taiwan, such as opening up the three links betweenthe two sides of thestrait and expanding cross-strait exchanges.

       As a sequel to the Messageto Taiwan Compatriots (1979), on September30, 1981, Ye Jianying, chairmanof the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, made a speech to aXinhua reporter proposing a nine-point policy on realizing the peacefulreunification of Taiwan, a strong reaction was generated inside and outside thesea. At that time, Chinese Vice Foreign MinisterZhang Wenjin met with Deputy Secretary of State William Clark atthe US State Departmentand said: The nine pointsproposed by Ye Jianying are China's long-term policies and will not change.

       On August 17, 1982, the Sino-US 817 Communique with the purpose ofresolving the Taiwan issue was published. The communique reiterated the basic spirit of the Letterto Taiwan Compatriots and the Ye Jiu Tiao,and the expressionpeaceful reunificationof Taiwanwas included in thecommunique. In this regard, the United States expressed"understanding andappreciation. On this premise, the United States promised to prepare togradually reducearms sales to Taiwanand to go through a period of time until the finalsettlement. In the communique, the United States reiterated its recognition ofthe Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legitimategovernment of China and its recognition of China's position that there is only“One China” and that Taiwan is part of China.

       The Sino-US 817Communique is an important milestone in the normalization of Sino-USrelations, and together with the Shanghai Communique and the Sino-USCommunique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations, it is called the Three Sino-US JointCommuniques, which has become the political basis forexchanges and cooperation between the two countries.

       There is no doubt thatthe decisive elements of Taiwan's future have surpassed Taiwan itself.MacArthur asserted in the 1950s that Taiwan's ultimate fate would depend on theUnited States. Li Shenzhi and Zi Zhongjun believe that Taiwan's future dependsnot only on Taiwan itself, but also mainly on the policies of China and theUnited States. Kissinger, the forerunner who opened the door to Sino-USrelations andan old friend of the Chinese,felt particularly profoundly: One of the major constraints on China's Taiwan policy isChina's relations with the United States. Amongthem, the way Taiwan is reunified is a major obstacle to the progress ofSino-US relations.

       As early as July 1971,Kissinger, as President Nixon's special envoy, stressed to Premier Zhou Enlaiduring a secret visit to China that the United States hoped for a peacefulsettlement of the Taiwan issue. InOctober of the same year, during his second visit to China to discuss the Shanghaicommunique to be issued by the two countries, Kissinger demanded that Chinacommit to a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan issue. In February 1972, Nixon's visit to China and the Publication of the ShanghaiCommunique reaffirmed that the Taiwan issue should be resolved peacefullyby Chinese itself. In November 1974, Kissinger was appointed byPresident Ford tovisit China again to negotiate with Deng Xiaoping on the establishment ofdiplomatic relations between the United States and China, and once again askedthe Chinese side to publicly declare that Taiwan would be reunified by peacefulmeans. During a visit to Beijing inDecember1975, President Ford stressed to theChinese leadership that any change that will eventually lead to theestablishment of diplomatic relations must be based on the peaceful resolutionof the issue between Taiwan and the People's Republic of China. InAugust 1977, Secretary of State Vance of the Carteradministration went to Beijing to continue negotiations with Chinese ForeignMinister Huang Hua on the normalization of U.S.-China relations, andalso demanded that Chinesethemselves peacefully resolvethe Taiwan issue. But China's foreign ministerhas made it clear thatChinacannot abandon the useof force to resolve the Taiwanissue, and if President Carter adheres to this position, normalization ofSino-US relations will have to be postponed. In December 1978,shortly after the publication of the Sino-US Communique on the Establishmentof Diplomatic Relations, President Carter said in a televised speechon the 25ththat the United Statescontinues to be concerned about the settlement of the Taiwan issue and hopesthat the Chinese can peacefully resolve this issue.

       Although China and theUnited States jointly issued the Sino-US 817Communique, there are differentunderstandings and interpretations between the two sides. Deng Xiaoping saidwhen meeting withUS Ambassador toChinaHeng Anshion the eve of the publication of the communique:

       The issue ofreunification is entirely China's internal affair, and China reiterated itspolicy of striving for a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan issue in thecommunique, which in no way means that China has made any commitments to theUnited States or anyone else, and of course it isnot allowed to misinterpret that the United States should stop selling weaponsto Taiwan on the premise of the peaceful settlement of the Taiwan issue, It ishoped that the two sides will not have any misunderstanding on this issue.

       In fact, the cessation of arms salesto Taiwan as understood by theUnited States is preciselyonthe premise of a peaceful settlementof the Taiwan issue. On theday of the announcement,Reagan issued a statement: The policyset forth in the communique is completely consistent with the TaiwanRelations Act, and arms saleswill continue under the Taiwan Relations Act, and are fully expected.The ChineseGovernment's position on the settlement of the Taiwan issue will continue to bepeaceful, and any settlement of the Taiwan issue should be peaceful, and we have a lasting concern about this.

       Reagan wrote to Deng Xiaoping during the communique negotiations:

       Our position, in theprocess of normalization, has put forward the long-term concern of the UnitedStates for a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan issue.

       On the same day, Reaganwrote to Premier Zhao Ziyang:

       Our differences lie inthe long-standing friendship between the American people and the Chinese peopleliving in Taiwan, and we welcome and support a peaceful settlement in Taiwan,and we expect that in the process of developing towards a peaceful settlement,Taiwan will naturally reduce its need for weapons.

       On the day the communique was signed, Reagansent Secretary of State Schultz and Defense SecretaryWeinberg a memorandum stressing that the United States' willingness to agree toreduce arms sales to Taiwan was a prerequisite for China's commitment tocontinue its peaceful resolution of cross-strait differences:

       As you all know, I haveagreed to issue a joint communiquewith the People's Republic of China, in which we expressedthe policy of the United States toward continuing arms sales to Taiwan.

       The talks that led to the signing of this announcement had apremise, that is, the United States and China clearly understood that any reduction in arms sales to Taiwan should leadto peace in the TaiwanStrait, and China maintains its basic policy of seeking a peaceful settlement ofthe Taiwan issue.

       To put it simply, the United States is willing to reduce arms sales toTaiwan on an absolute condition, that is, China maintains its commitmentto peacefully resolve the differences between Taiwan and the People's Republicof China. It should be clear that the link between the two is a permanent precept of U.S. foreign policy.

       In addition, the quality and quantity ofweapons supplied to Taiwan depend entirely on the threat posed bythe People's Republic of China, and in terms of quality andquantity, Taiwan's defensive capability vs the People's Republic of China mustbe maintained.

       In the 50 years since the door ofSino-US friendship was opened, from Nixon, Ford, to Carter andReagan, including successive presidents to the present, whether it is aDemocratic Party or a Republican Party, the concept of peaceful settlement ofthe Taiwan issue has always been deeply rooted in American cultural traditionsand values, is the rules of conduct of the civilized world that Americansrecognize and believe in, and is also the core position and affectionateexpectation of the US bipartisan China policy. On this point, the two-term U.S.secretary of state and expert on international issues, Kissinger, in his2001book Kissinger's Global Strategy for the United States,made it very clear and gave advice to The Chineseleader:

       While China does notrecognize the right of the United States to interfere in Taiwan's future, itshould take seriously the serious position of successive U.S. presidents inaffirming U.S. concerns about the peaceful settlement of the Taiwan issue. Indoing so, they not only expressed their personal wishes, but also reflected theviews of American public opinion. Whatever Chinese view the legal status ofsuch U.S. claims, Beijing must be careful not todrifttoward confrontation with the United States through errors in judgment.

       Kissinger isunfortunately right. In recent years, U.S.-China relations have moved fromfriendly cooperation to all-round confrontation. And Taiwan bears the brunt ofit. Cross-strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation have basicallystagnated, and the new military confrontation situation has become increasinglyserious. The clouds of war rolled over the Taiwan Strait.

       Since 2016, PLA military aircrafthave become the norm for cruising around the island, and havebeen frequently and upgraded. According to figures provided by Taiwan's defensedepartment,fromJanuary 1 toDecember31, 2021, PLA military aircraftentered the Taiwan Strait for cruising 239days,961sorties. The PLA military aircraft participating in thecruise include:J-16fighters,Su-30fighters, andH-6bombers. On December30, 2021, Tan Ke-Fei, spokesmanfor China's Ministry of National Defense, said at a regular news conferenceSince the beginning of this year, the PLA has normally organized bombers,reconnaissance planes, and fighter planes to carry out cruises around TaiwanIsland, organized joint combat readiness patrols of multi-service and militaryforces near the vicinity of Taiwan Island, and organized joint sea assaults,joint land strikes, and joint air defense operations in the sea and airspacenear Taiwan Island. China's CCTV has also recently released a number of PLAtraining footage, including four consecutive day and night drills by amphibiousdock landing ships, as well asanti-ship missile striketraining for naval aviation. In addition, the naval aviation units of theEastern Theater have also carried out combat exercises on anti-ship missilescarried by carrier-based helicopters, training to complement ships underdifferent sea conditions and evade various radar detections. According to reports,Taiwan's Ministry of National Defensedetectedthree joint aircraft in the airspace southwest of TaiwanfromFebruary16, 2022 to that day, including oneY-8Electric reconnaissanceaircraft, 1sortyY-8long-range jammer, and1sortyKa-28 anti-submarinehelicopter.

       Colonel Shi Yi,spokesman for the Eastern Theater, said that the Eastern Theater of theChinese People's Liberation Army recently organized a joint combat readinesspatrol of multiple services and arms in the sea and airspace around TaiwanIsland, which is a necessary action taken against the collusion between theUnited States and Taiwan. Recently, the US side has frequently made moves onthe Taiwan issue, saying one thing and doing another, and openly and covertlyinstigating and supporting the Taiwan independence forces, which will pushTaiwan into a dangerous situation and will also face serious consequencesitself. Taiwan is part of China. Theater troops have continued to strengthentheir military training and preparation for war, continuously improved theirability to fulfill their missions, and resolutely thwarted any interference byexternal forces and Taiwan independence separatist plots.

       In an interview with theGlobal Times, Chinese military expert Song Zhongping said that thesettlement of the Taiwan issue will not be the participation of one directionin the eastern theater, and there will be multiple theater forces involved.Regular exercises can make the plan skillful and refined, and once needed, theplan can be transformed into military operations. This kind of exercise plannaturally includes the intervention of US forces, and it is a multi-set plan.It can be said that the current drillis not only fordeterrence, but to improve the drill ability to cope with the unexpected needsof the future.

       The changes in thesituation in the Taiwan Strait have aroused great concern in the United States.China's increasing coercion and aggression against Taiwanruns counter to expectations for a peaceful settlement of Taiwan's future. TheU.S. National Defense Authorization Actof 2022 states that under the Provisions of the Taiwan Relations Act,the U.S. decision to establish diplomatic relations with China is based on the expectationthat Taiwan's future will be determined by peaceful means, and that any effortto determine Taiwan's future by means other than peaceful means, includingboycotts and embargoes, is a matter of grave concern to the United States. U.S. Pacific Command Commander PhilipDavidsonbelieves that China is stepping up to replace the UNITED Military Force inAsia, Chinese mainland willsolve the Taiwan issue within 6 years andreplace the United States in world leadership in 2050. In theeyes of the United States, the militarization of the situation in the TaiwanStrait is a major challenge to the democratic world led by the United States.

       Taiwan: An unsinkableaircraft carrier

       The relationship betweenthe United States and Taiwan has a longhistory. After the endof World War II, a civil war broke out between the Kuomintang and the CommunistParty of China. After the defeat, the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan. At thistime, the Truman administrationimplemented apolicy of abandonment toward Taiwan,openly declaring:Taiwan is the problem of the Kuomintang governmentitself; Taiwan has no special strategic valueandis located outside thedefensive borders of the United States. Soon after, the Korean War broke out,and President Truman immediately recognized Taiwan's strategic position andquickly ordered the Seventh Fleet to enter theTaiwanStraitto prevent the People's Liberation Army from recoveringTaiwan by forceandpreventTaiwan from counterattacking the mainland. Since then,the relationship between the United States and Taiwan has become increasinglyclose.

       In 1954, the Eisenhower administrationreleased Chiang Kai-shek andsigned theU.S.-Chiang Kai-shek Mutual Defense Treaty with Chiang Kai-shek'sgovernment, elevating Taiwan's status to astrategic position as important asJapan,South Korea, the Philippines,Australia, and NewZealand It became part of the collective defense chain systemestablished by the United States in the western Pacific and themain force in curbing China's spread of communism in Asia. The 1955U.S. CongressionalJointResolution on Defense of Formosa further legitimizedthe U.S. act ofassisting in the defense of Taiwan. In 1979, after the establishment of diplomatic relations betweenthe United States and China, the official relations between the United Statesand Taiwan were severed, but the United States will soon introduce the TaiwanRelations Act, indicating that the United States' decision toestablish diplomatic relations with the People'sRepublic of Chinais based on the future of Taiwan. The expectationof peaceful decisions;any attempt to determine Taiwan's future in anon-peaceful manner,including the use of economic boycotts and embargoes,will be seen as a threat to peace and stability in the Western Pacific, andwill be of grave concern to the United Statesprovidedefensive weapons to the people of Taiwan, and maintainthe ability of the United States to resist any action that resorts to force orthe use of other forms of high-pressure means that endanger the security of thepeople of Taiwan and the socio-economic system. OnJuly14, 1982,before the signing of the Sino-US 817 communique,the Reagan administrationsecretly proposed Six Assurancesto Taiwan. Li Jieming, chairman of the American Institute in Taiwan, conveyedto Chiang Ching-kuo:1)The UnitedStates has not agreed to set a date for terminating arms sales to Taiwan;2) The United States has not agreedto consult the People's Republic of China on arms sales toTaiwan; 3) The United States will not play amediating role between Taipei and Beijing; 4)The United States did not agree to amendtheTaiwan Relations Act of1979; 5) The United States has not changed its position on Taiwan's sovereignty;6) The United States will not pressure Taiwan to negotiate withthe People's Republic of China. In the eyes of the United States, Taiwan hasalways been a sovereign state. OnApril20, 2016, the Foreign Relations Committee of theUS House of Representatives passedJoint Resolution No. 88 by voice vote, reaffirming that theTaiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances are thecornerstone of US-Taiwan Relations. This is the first time that the USCongress has included the Six Assurances for Taiwan in the bill.

       The United States is aPacific nation with five continents: Hawaii, California, Washington, Oregon,and Alaska, as well as the Pacific region on either side of the InternationalDate Line, including: Guam, American Samoa, Wake Island, and the Commonwealthof the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI). According to the June2019 Indo-Pacific Strategy Report released by the U.S. Department ofDefense, that U.S. companieshave been trading inAsia since the 18th century, and today, within the Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation, the annual two-way trade between the United States and the regionis the same at $2.3trillion, U.S. foreigndirect investment in the region was $1.3trillion, more than China, Japan, and South Koreacombined. Therefore, the first sentence of the Secretary of Defense'sspeechin the report said:TheIndo-Pacificis a priority war zone for the Ministry of Defense.

       Located in the western Pacific,Taiwan has an important strategic position. It isbordered by the JapaneseIslands and the Ryukyu Islands to the north and the Philippines and the SundaIslands to the south. The Taiwan Strait is anecessary passage through the southwestern route ofJapan, an important ally of the United States, just like the Gibraltar of theEast. In the 1950s, MacArthur regarded Taiwan as anunsinkable aircraft carrier of the UnitedStates in Asia and the Pacific, which was extremely importantnot only strategically to the United States, but also to the achievements ofthe West in the ideological and political spheres. Ding Shu-fan, an honorary professor at the Institute ofEast Asian Studies at Taiwan Chengchi University, said that the Taiwan issuehas become the core interest of all countries in the world. Once the Taiwanissue is lost, the US forces in East Asia will overnight retreat to PearlHarbor and cede everything west of Pearl Harbor, which will be a very criticalloss of interests for the US. Famous contemporary American strategic theorist,geopolitical, a political scientist Zbignu Brzezinski points out: ifAmerican acquiescence in an attempt at the forcible reintegration of Taiwan,sought by the use of military power, would be so devastating to America'sposition in the Far East that America simply could not afford to remain militarilypassive if Taiwan were unable to protect itself.In other words, America would have to intervene notfor the sake of a separate Taiwan but for the sake of America's geopoliticalinterests in the Asia-Pacific area. Therefore, the continued presence inThe Taiwan region is in the fundamental interests of the United States in theIndo-Pacific region. The White House's February11, 2022, U.S. Indo-PacificStrategy report states:In a quickly changingstrategic landscape, we recognize that American interests can only be advancedif we firmly anchor the United States in the Indo-Pacific and strengthen theregion itself, alongside our closest allies and partners.

       Taiwan is the eighthlargest trading partner of the United States and the United State is the secondlargest trading partner of Taiwan,withdeep and growing commercial, financial and trade ties. More importantly, Taiwan is animportant link in theglobal high-tech supply chain. High-end semiconductorproduction accounts for90% of the globaltotal. Steve Blank, an adjunct professor at StanfordUniversity said that Taiwan means asmuch to semiconductors as oil does to Saudi Arabia and the Middle East,Taiwan controls what can turn our economy around in the21stcentury. Linked toTaiwan, the Indo-Pacific supports more than3million U.S. jobs and is a source of nearly$900billion in U.S. foreigndirect investment. The U.S. Indo-Pacific Strategy report argues thatin the years ahead, as the region drives as much astwo-thirds of global economic growth, its influence will only grow—as will itsimportance to the United States.

       Taiwan is atransformative democracy. After Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang governmentretreated to Taiwan in 1949, it imposed martial law and one-party rule for along time. After The death of Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Ching-kuo succeeded tothe throne and gradually carried out democratic reforms. Taiwan's firstopposition party, the Democratic Progressive Party, was formally founded in1986. In 1987 Chiang Ching-kuo lifted the long martial law. After that, the banon the party and the newspaper was lifted, the provisional Clause on theCounter-Insurgency Period was abolished, the National Assembly and legislativeYuan were reelected, and the president and vice president were directlyelected, thus Taiwan's democracy was institutionalized. In his Speech at the HudsonInstitute in October 2018, U.S. Vice President Mike Pence said, Taiwan’sembrace of democracy shows a better path for all the Chinese people. Gerritvan der, adjunct lecturer in Taiwanese history and East Asian affairs at GeorgeMason University, has witnessed Taiwan's democratization. In an interview withVOA, she said Taiwan was not democratic when the United States cutdiplomatic ties with it 30 years ago, but now it is a democracy and a model forthe entire East Asian region, so U.S. and European support for Taiwan is veryimportant.

       Taiwan has a broadpublic opinion base in American society. As early as December1978,when President Carter announced the severance of diplomatic relations withTaiwan, the original pollshowed that45percentof respondentsopposed President Carter's severanceof official tieswith Taiwan, and only27 percentof peoplesupportthisaction. Morethan 40years later,the Americanpeople are willing to take a major risk to defend Taiwanfrom China'saggression, and the support of the American people for defending Taiwan withmilitary actionhas reacheda recordhigh. In December2021, theReagan Foundation conducted a poll on The Taiwan section showed that62 percentof people believe That Taiwan is anally. More than half or half support the following responses in the event of aChinese attack on Taiwan:formal recognition ofTaiwan as an independent state(71 percent)andeconomic sanctions against China(66percent).Deploy U.S. military assets, such as aircraftcarriers, to the region(55 percent)andestablish no-fly zones(50 percent).Hao Yufan wrote in his White House’s decision: From TrumantoClinton'sChinaPolicy, In a countrylike the United States, where the highest administrator and members of Congressare elected by voters, public opinion has a great influence on the behavior ofpoliticians. Neither the president nor the members of Congress can ignorepublic opinion and public opinion if they want to be re-elected. Moreover, theimplementation of U.S. foreign policy must rely on the unity of the Americanpeople.

       The fundamental reasonwhy the American public is on the side of Taiwan is that the US-Taiwanpolitical system and values are the same. Ian Easton, senior director of the Institute for2049 Projects, a U.S. think tank, said theUnited States assisted in defending Taiwan because people didn't want to livein a dictatorship before World War II, this is why the entire new world orderrebuilt after the war is based on a free and open concept, because somecountries cannot be allowed to invade their close neighbors, and cannot beallowed to invade South Korea and Taiwan by powers like China. Other countries,other governments are realizing that whatever happens to Taiwan can happen tothem, and they will be next, so Taiwan is really on the front line, andeveryone has to stand with Taiwan to make sure that Taiwan doesn'tfall, that China never tries to attack Taiwan.

       U.S.-Taiwan Strategy: Movingfrom "Vague" to "Clear."

       40 years ago, on the day ofthe publication of the Sino-US 817 Communique, assistant Secretary ofState Holderidge said in a speech on the Communique by the Senate ForeignRelations Committee that future arms sales to Taiwan will be based on China'scontinued implementation of its peaceful policytoward Taiwan as the premise; if China changes, the United States will alsore-studyitsposition. Sure enough.

       After the Trumpadministration took office, the U.S. policy toward China began to undergo majoradjustments, re-revising the nature and positioning of the Sino-USrelationship: from strategic partnerstostrategic competitors, shifting the focus of the UnitedStates from counter-terrorism to dealing with great power competition betweenChina and Russia. And China ranks ahead of Russia as the number oneenemy. Sincethen, after the United States and the Soviet Union, the United States and Chinahave entered a newCold War.

       According to the newstrategy, the US policy toward Taiwan has undergone fundamental changes. OnMarch17, 2018, President Trump signed the Taiwan Travel Act,whichencourages reciprocalvisits between the United States and Taiwan at all levels, as well as otherrelated goals. Thisis thesecond U.S. law namedTaiwan after the1979Taiwan Relations Act, which has been in effect for37 years, which means that thepolitical basis for the establishment of diplomatic relations between China andthe United States no longer exists. The exchanges and cooperation between theUnited States and Taiwan have moved from non-governmental formal to official.The law states:Taiwan has succeeded ina momentous transition to democracy beginning in the late 1980s and has been abeacon of democracy in Asia, and Taiwan’s democratic achievements inspire manycountries and people in the region. This is the first timethe United States has defined Taiwan asa beacon of democracy in Asia in the form of a law.

       Based on common liberaland democratic values, official exchanges between the United States and Taiwanhave been continuously upgraded, and official economic dialogues between theUnited States and Taiwan have been established with Taiwan. U.S.-Taiwanrelations began to return in full swing.

       I think the U.S.government should immediately take the necessary and long-delayed measures todo the right and obvious thing, which is to give the Republic of China, Taiwan,the diplomatic recognition as a free sovereign state by the United States. Pompeo spent 994days in the Trump administration's tenure as secretary ofstate tolift restrictions ondiplomatic engagement between the United States and Taiwan. In a speech inTaipei onMarch4, 2022, he explained: This is the reality. This is also true....There is no need forTaiwan to declare independence, because it is already an independent country.In a brief speech at the airport of arrival, he called Taiwan agreat country. He insisted that Taiwan was not part ofChina and that if Taiwan became part of China,it would not be reunification, but an act of aggressionto destroy a sovereign independent State. Pompeo's views and advocacy directlychallenge the political underpinnings of the U.S.-China relationship:“One China”principle.

       The Trump administrationhas stepped up arms sales to Taiwan despite China's strong opposition. In thefour years in office, Trump has made arms sales for 11 times to Taiwan, with atotal price of $18.3billion, becoming the presidentof the United States with the largest arms sales to Taiwan since the severanceof diplomatic relations between Taiwan and the United States.

       Support for Taiwan isalso growing in the US Congress as the Trump administration steps up efforts tostand for Taiwan.Tom Tiffany (R-WI) of Wisconsin hascalled for the United States to end its One-China policyand restorepre-1979diplomaticrelations with Taiwan. Hepresented the 117Concurrent Resolution on September16, 2020, states thatCongress has argued that the president should abandon the outdatedOne-Chinapolicy. To govern, or to treat Taiwan as an independent state, not governed bythe People's Republic of China or under its territorial jurisdiction; thePresident should recognize the democratically elected central government inTaipei, normalize diplomatic relations between the two countries, appoint aU.S. ambassador to Taiwan, and admit Taiwan's ambassador to the United States;the President should repeal restrictions on normal communication andinteraction between U.S. and Taiwanese officials under arbitrary institutionalguidelines; and the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative should initiateformal negotiations with Taiwan to establish a U.S.-Taiwan free tradeagreement; The President, thePermanent Representative of the United States to theUnited Nations and other relevant United States officials should take steps toadvocate for Taiwan to become a full member of the United Nations and otherinternational organizations to which the United States is a member.

       After Biden succeeded tothe throne, he continued the Trump administration's Taiwan policy, making the"strategic ambiguity" policy toward Taiwan that theUnited States has been pursuing graduallybecoming"strategically clear." We are deeply concernedabout China's coercive behavior,Bidensaid at the East Asia Leaders' Summit in October2021, which threatens regionalpeace and stability. He has repeatedlystressed that the United States has a"rock-solid"commitment to Taiwan. If Taiwan is attacked by China, theUnited States will protect Taiwan.

       More than a year intohis presidency, Biden continues to support Taiwan's reintegration into theinternational community, including the United Nations system; Restartnegotiations on a bilateral trade and investment agreement with Taiwan, andlaunch the US-Taiwan 21st Century Trade Initiative; Sending more bipartisanlawmakers and former top officials include former Secretary of State MikePompeo and former Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman Michael Mullen, former DeputyAssistant Secretary of Defense Michele A. Flournoy, former White House deputynational security adviser Meghan O'Sullivan, and other high-level U.S. militaryand security delegations to Taiwan; It has sold arms to Taiwan three times andsent more US troops to help Taiwan strengthen its defense capabilities.Military aircraft landed in Taiwan several times; It sent warships through theTaiwan Strait more than 10 times. The Biden administration has also stepped-upcooperation with Allies, notably Japan, which has conducted joint militaryexercises to help defend Taiwan. China will establish a Trilateral SecurityPartnership (AUKUS) with the UK and Australia, support Australia in buildingnuclear submarines and jointly develop hypersonic missiles. Deepen theQuadrilateral mechanism between the US, Japan, India and Australia; Launch theAsia-Pacific Economic Framework with Australia, Brunei, India, Indonesia,Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailandand Vietnam, among others. Of the $770 billion in U.S. defense spending hesigned for fiscal year 2022, $7.1 billion will go toward strengthening thePacific Deterrence Program against Beijing.

       Following the first TaiwanInvasion Prevention Actintroduced byRepublican Rep.Ted Yoho in late July2020On February18, 2021, Republican SenatorRick Scottand Republican Rep.GuyReschenthaler reintroducedthe bill. The key elements include: re-strengthening thelong-standing U.S. Policy on Taiwan by strengthening Taiwan's capacity toresist communist Chinese aggression; Help Taiwan counter communist China'smilitary expansion in the Taiwan Strait; Establish a limited mandate to allowthe President to use force for specific purposes to protect Taiwan from armedattacks; Demand that Communist China renounce the use or threat of useof force to reunifyTaiwan; Establish a series of security dialogues and joint military exercisesbetween the United States, Taiwan and like-minded security partners; Requiresthe planning of coordinated military operations in the event of an attack bythe People's Republic of China on Taiwan; Recommends that Taiwan earmarkadditional internal resources for its own defense, including the procurement ofasymmetric defensive weapons, reform of Taiwan's reserve system, and engagementwith the United States in cyber defense activities; Encourage the U.S.Department of Defense to send appropriate personnel to Taiwan's NationalDefense University; urge the U.S. Trade Representative to negotiate bilateraltrade agreements with Taiwan; encourage the President or Secretary of State tomeet with the President of Taiwan in Taiwan; and welcome the President ofTaiwan to address the Joint Congress. The purpose of the bill is to protectTaiwan from aggression by the Chinese Communist regime, to further strengthenU.S.-Taiwan relations, and to strengthen Taiwan's ability to resist China'saggressive policiesand military actions.

       The U.S. National Defense Authorization Act of 2022states that under the Taiwan Relations Act, the United States has theability to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion to endangerthe security, social or economic system of the people of Taiwan, continue tosupport Taiwan in maintainingadequate self-defense capabilities, and inviteTaiwan to participate inRIMPAC2022.To assist in strengthening Taiwan's asymmetric combat capabilities, includingcoastaldefense missiles, mines, air defense,cyberspace defense, and special operations forces.

       On May5and28, 2022, theU.S. Department of Stateupdated the Taiwan webpage of its official website twice, removing theold version of the United States in the1979jointcommunique, Taiwan is a part of China and other related narratives, and in theexposition of the “One China” policy of the United States, the TaiwanRelations Act was placed before the three US-China joint communiques, and SixAssurances related to US arms sales to Taiwan were added. This update to the State Department'sofficial website is the first time in more than40 years since the Establishment of diplomatic relationsbetween the United States and China and reflectsthe escalation of U.S.-Taiwan relations.

       The outbreak of theRusso-Ukrainian War had a profound impact on US-Taiwan relations. John Bolton, a former nationalsecurity adviser in an exclusive interview with VOA, said theUnited States needs to further strengthen the deterrence of China on the Taiwanissue,and recognize Taiwan diplomatically tofundamentally avoid an invasion similar to Ukraine. Healsosuggested that theUnited States should re-establish itsmilitary presence in Taiwan, as it had done before 1979.

       Bosco, who served as theU.S. Department of Defense's director of China affairs during the George W.Bush administration from2005 to 2006, advocatedrecognizing Taiwan's independence,calling thatnow is the time for theU.S. government to loudly and unequivocally defend Taiwan. Hebelieves that if the United Statesdoes this, other countries, strategic alliances and partners will do the same.We should tell China that as the Western world, the United States, Japan,Australia and other countries will defend Taiwan.

       U.S.Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman said at a hearing on U.S. leadership in the Indo-Pacificregion at a hearing in the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House ofRepresentatives on April6, 2022, that he hoped Beijingwould learn the right lessons from the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It isunderstood that any armed invasion of Taiwan will lead to a response from theinternational community.

       Meanwhile,Treasury Secretary Janet Yellenwarned that the UnitedStates was ready to impose sanctions on Beijing similar to those on Russia ifChina used force against Taiwan.

       A dayearlier, the U.S. State Department announced that it was approving a $95millionPatriot Air Defense System Technical Assistance Program to Taiwan, and theDefense Department's Defense and Security Cooperation Agency said in astatement that the arms sales would help maintain the density of missiledeployments on the receiving side and ensure the readiness of the air defensesystem; the recipient would use this capability to deter regional threats andstrengthen homeland defenses.

       LindseyGraham, the republican chiefof the U.S. Senate Budget Committee,led a delegationto Visit Taiwan on April13. He said it was reallyheartbreaking to see everything about Ukraine on television; the Americanpeople thoroughly understood how important Taiwan was to the United States. Thevisit to Taiwan is not to change the US One-China policy, but to show supportfor Taiwan's love of liberal democracy, rule of law, human rights and othervalues. As China's provocations against Taiwan intensify, the United Stateswill stand with Taiwan. If we abandon Taiwan, it is equivalent to giving upfreedom, democracy, and even free trade, which is an evil deed that encouragesmankind. He stressed,we don't seek conflict, but we fight for value.

       Sen.Jim Risch, R-ID, chief Republican member of the Senate Foreign RelationsCommittee said at ahearing on the State Department'sbudget for fiscal year 2023on April26. We provided Ukraine's securityassistance too late, and we cannot make the same mistake with Taiwan. It ismuch more difficult to provide support to an island during the war, and ourassistance must be prepared in advance,hecalled for speeding up existing arms sales to Taiwanand giving Taiwan the weapons and equipment to help it improve its security anddefense capabilities as soon as possible.

       WhiteHouse National Security Adviser Jake SullivanreiteratedonApril14 that Ukraine isdifferent from Taiwan's situation,and that the United States is concerned about China's intention to unilaterallychange the status quo in the Taiwan Strait based on the Taiwan Relations Act.He stressed: Any form of aggression against Taiwan is unacceptable, and theUnited States will take all possible measures to ensure that China's invasionof Taiwan will not occur.

       During a visit to Japan on May23, PresidentBiden again made it clear thatif Taiwan is attacked, the United States will intervene militarily to defendTaiwan.

       U.S. Secretary of State Blinken delivered his first speech on The Biden administration's China policyat George Washington University on May 26. Among them, the Taiwan policy is animportant content:

       The United States remains committed to our “One China” policy, which is guided by the TaiwanRelations Act, the three Joint Communiques, the Six Assurances.  We oppose any unilateral changes to thestatus quo from either side; we do not support Taiwan independence; and weexpect cross-strait differences to be resolved by peaceful means.

       We continue to have an abiding interest in peace andstability across the Taiwan Strait.  We’ll continue to uphold our commitmentsunder the Taiwan Relations Act to assist Taiwan in maintaining a sufficientself-defense capability – and, as indicated in the TRA,to “maintain our capacity to resist anyresort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the securityor the social or economic system, of Taiwan.” Weenjoy a strong unofficial relationship with Taiwan, a vibrant democracy andleading economy in the region. We’llcontinue to expand our cooperation with Taiwan on our many shared interests andvalues, support Taiwan’s meaningful participation inthe international community, deepen our economic ties, consistent with our “One China” policy.

       As Blinken put it, the Biden administration's Taiwanpolicy has been consistent for decades and in several administrations.

       The United States is ready for war to defend Taiwan

       The U.S. Department ofDefense's Indo-Pacific Strategy Report states: The United States hasa vital interest in upholding the rules-based international order, whichincludes a strong, prosperous, and democratic Taiwan. The United States ispursuing a strong partnership with Taiwan and will faithfully implement theTaiwan Relations Act, as part of a broader commitment to the security andstability of the Indo-Pacific.

       On November29, 2021, the U.S. Department of Defense'sU.S. Military Global Posture assessmentreport, which took more than half a year, pointed out that thepriority area of the U.S. military is the Indo-Pacific region. The reportinstructs the Ministry of Defense to strengthen infrastructure and militaryconstruction in Australia, Guam and elsewhere to better prepare for China.Pentagon officials said,we are changing thedirection of the deployment of the U.S. military a little bit. In the comingyears, you'll see the pointer move more. U.S. Indo-Pacific CommanderJohn Aquilinosaid the important taskof the U.S. military in the Indo-Pacific region is to ensure that the statusquo in the Asia-Pacific region, including the Taiwan Strait, is maintained andto avoid resolving any problems on both sides of the Taiwan Strait by any meansother than peace.

       The Taiwan issue is thelargest fire box between China and the United States. Chinese Ambassador to theUnitedStatesQin Gangsaidin an interview with NPRonJanuary28, 2022, If the Taiwanauthorities have the courage of the United States to continue on the road ofindependence, they are likely to involve the two major powers of China and theUnited States in a military conflict. On April20,ChineseState Councilor and Defense Minister Wei Fenghe said in atelephone conversation with U.S. Defense Secretary Austinthat ifthe Taiwan issue is not handled well, it will have a subversive impact onbilateral relations. The Chinese armed forces will resolutely safeguardnational sovereignty and security and territorial integrity. OnMay18, Yang Jiechi, member of the Political Bureau of the CPC CentralCommittee and director of the Office of the Foreign Affairs Commission of theCPC Central Committee, stressed in a telephone conversation with Sullivan,assistant to the US President for National Security Affairs, that if the USside insists on playing theTaiwan card. Goingfurther and further down the wrong path will surely lead the situation to adangerous situation. China will certainly take firm action to safeguard itssovereignty and security interests.

       In fact, the US militaryhas long been prepared to deal with the military conflictandsubversive influenceof the two major powers between China andthe United States, andhasgone farther and farther down the wrong path.

       When the United Statesand China established diplomatic relations in 1979, President Carter toldAmerican reporters that if the US president or Congress found that Taiwan'ssecurity was threatened in the future, it could still deploy the US fleet inthe Pacific between Taiwan and Chinese mainland, and at the same time, theUnited States could even join the war to defend the people of Taiwan.

       This was the case withtheTaiwanStrait crisis of March 1996. At that time, in order to protest Lee Teng-hui's visitto the United States and prevent him from being re-electedin the 1996 in the President of the Republic of China election, the People'sLiberation Army held a three-amphibious landing, airborne, and mountain combatexercise in the Taiwan Strait. The United States reacted quickly. PresidentClinton ordered the USS Nimitz carrier task force to sail from the Gulf regionto waters near Taiwan and join the USS Independence. The two carrier battlegroups consist of13battleships and150aircraft. It was the largest U.S.military buildup in Southeast Asia since the end of the Vietnam War in theearly 1970s. Defense Secretary Perry explained: we do notbelieve that China intends to attack Taiwan. We do not think there will be amilitary conflict there. However, we have increased the naval presence there asa kind of ... Precautions. At the same time, the U.S. Congress issued astatement that the United States shouldcommitto defending Taiwan and deter China's invasion, attack, or blockade of Taiwan.

       At present, the US military isseriously dealing with China's growing military threat in the Indo-Pacificregion. U.S. Defense Secretary Esperspeaks by video at the International Institute forStrategic Studies in London onJuly12, 2021. It is clear that theUnited States does not want armed conflict, but must be prepared to win thewar. Esper saidthat the US military has changed the traditionalcombat system, modernized the military, strengthened deterrence, increasedresearch and development of new weapons, and increased investment in weaponsthat change the mode of war, such as hypersonic speed and artificialintelligence.

       According to Esper, theU.S. Navy's goal is to build a futuristic fleet that will substantially improvethe Navy's flexibility, survivability, and adaptability; the Air Force hasadopted the 21st-centuryoperational philosophy, paying attentionto faster speed and more difficult to predict; and the Army has focused onimproving long-range weapons as a priority goal, making it a great improvementin speed and distance. Heavy bombers will become permanent existence inhigh-risk areas.

       At the same time, theUnited States expanded and consolidated cooperation with countries in theIndo-Pacific region. Cooperation between the United States and Singapore,Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Australia, New Zealand, SouthKorea, Japan, Taiwan, India, Bangladesh and other countries has become morediversified, and cooperation in security and military areas has also beengreatly strengthened.

       Esper said the U.S.military's overhaul will make allies feel more reliable and America's adversariesfeel more unpredictable.

       In October 2021, thenavies of the United States, The United Kingdom, Japan, the Netherlands, Canadaand New Zealand conducted a joint training in the waters southwest of Okinawa.A total of 17 vessels, including two U.S. aircraft carriers, one Britishaircraft carrier and one Japanese helicopter carrier, participated in theexercise. After the exercise in the East China Sea, they moved to the SouthChina Sea.

       OnMay31, 2022, the commander of theU.S. Third Fleet announced that the28thRim of the Pacific Military Exercise will be held fromJune29. The day began in Hawaiiand southern California waters and continued untilAugust4. Australia, Canada,Chile, India, Indonesia, Denmark, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan,South Korea, the Philippines and Singapore andother26countries will send38surface ships,4submarines,9countries of the land force, morethan 170aircraft and about25,000officers and menparticipated in the exercise.

       U.S. Pacific FleetCommander Vice Admiral Samuel Paparosaid that the core of the US policy toward Taiwan and“One China” is that no country can change its borders by force, Taiwan is aninflectionpoint, and if the People's Republic of China reunifies Taiwan by force, it willtrigger a chain reaction in the entire Indo-Pacific region, and the UnitedStates and its allies will inevitably China must be prevented from achievingits goal of overthrowing the international order by force within the firstisland chain. He also said theUnited States and itsallies seek to maintain a rules-based international order, not just for moralreasons, but because it is indeed in the immediate interests of all.

       AssistantDefense Secretary for Indo-Pacific Affairs Ely Ratnersaid: Our goal is to block and reject Chineseaggression by combining Taiwan's own defenses, partnership with the UnitedStates, and the support of a growing numberof like-minded democracies.

       When talking aboutcombat readiness, Esper also specifically stated: The U.S. forces are basedin the future to fight a high-intensity conflict with an opponent who is closerto the U.S. forces.

       It can be predicted thatonce a military conflict occurs in the Taiwan Strait, it will not only be a warbetween the mainland and Taiwan, but also a war between China and the UnitedStates, as well as between the entire democratic world of Europe, the UnitedStates, and NATO led by the United States; it will be a repeat of theRussia-Ukraine war in the South China Sea, and it will also add a new page tothe history of the US war.

       Any situation that leadsto a military conflict with the United States will be a disaster for China,which is warning by Brzezinski in his The Big Choice:America stands at acrossroads.

       The article signed by Liu Yaya, Some Cold Knowledge to Know BeforeFighting Taiwan, has a clear understanding of Brzezinski's assertion. In this article, which was once popular on theInternet, the author analyzed the shape of the land, the army, weapons andother elements and believed that the chances of winning a strong attack by themainland alone are extremely slim by relying on Taiwan's own strength. From theanalysis of the international situation: the United States and South Korea havea mutual defense treaty, the United States and Japan have a security treaty,and once there is a problem, as long as the United States intervenes, the Japan-USand the United States-Rok treaty will automatically enter into force, and thenit must join the joint war regiment. Coupled with the recentU.S.-Japan-Australia-India alliance, almost all of Asia's maritime and airpowers stand with Taiwan, and once something goes wrong, the mainland isembattled and attacks at the same time. The South China Sea, as well as Vietnamand the Philippines, are all hardcore of the United States, not to mention thatVietnam still has a bloody vendetta? In order to avenge its borders, India canfully use its killer skill, that is, to send its navy into the Indian Ocean andblockade the Strait of Malacca, so that the mainland's economic lifelines suchas grain and oil cannot be transported in, and export goods cannot be transportedout. The author concludes by stating:

       We sincerely hope that Chinese will talk less about empty words and be moredown-to-earth, and conscientiously know oneself and know theother, and at the same time have a kindheart and truly regard the people of Taiwan and Hong Kong as their own fleshand blood compatriots, and the peaceful reunification of the mainland of themotherland is not without hope. Otherwise, if the brothers turn against eachother, they will surely be bitter and the enemies will be happy, and the endwill be ashamed of all the Chinese nation and future generations.

       Peace and democracy: thegolden key to resolving the Taiwan issue

       War is the choice of theold times. Peace is the only option for the future, and today we are in aperilous middle ground between war and peace, in anera of growingfear. President Nixon emphasized:In any conventional ornuclear world war, there will be no winners, only losers.

       The views expressed byPresident Nixon during the Cold War between the United States and the SovietUnion are not outdated today. The history of human warfare hasrepeatedly proved thatwar is the sacrifice of the life and happiness of thepeople by dictators to satisfy their own selfish desires and ambitions. TheGreat of Catherine,whoexpanded Russia's land area from730,000squarekilometers to 17.05 million square kilometers, said ambitiouslyon her deathbed, If I could live to be200years old, I would have caused the whole of Europe tocrawl to my feet. This stinking rhetoricdemonstrates the general psychology of the dictator group.

       Since World War II,human civilization and the world pattern have undergone profound changes.Clausewitz's assertion that war is the continuation of politics by another meansis outdated.War is war. War is the human demon. War is a killing machine. War thinkingshouldcome to an end. In the modern civilizedworld, unity and autonomy depend on the choice and self-determination ofnations. Any dictator who launches a war and attempts to rely on military meansto achieve ambition and territorial expansionwill bedifficult to succeed,and it willnot onlybring ruin to life andnational disasters,but alsothe provocateurs of warwill also be punished by war. The end of Putin's invasion of Ukraine is thelatest warning. In his State of the Union address, President Biden said:A Russian dictator, invading a foreign country, has costsaround the world.

       Please don't let us getused to war. Pope Francis,85 years old, called on April17to mark an Easterwith War: Let us all commit ourselves to peace from our balconies and on thestreets. May the leaders of all countries listen to the voices of the peoplepraying for peace.

       This year also marks the50th anniversary ofPresident Nixon'svisit to China. He recalls in his book Eternal Peace:

       When I traveled to Chinain 1972 to meet Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the new relationship establishedbetween our two countries was in the common interest of both sides, not on thebasis of the common ideals that we were united with our Western allies, but onthe common interests. Both sides recognize that, despite our deep ideologicaldifferences, we have no reason to be enemies, but on the contrary, we have goodreasons to be friends, that is, the common interest of containing the Sovietthreat.

       It was at this meetingthat the United States and China ended more than 20years of isolation andhostility and gradually developed intostrategic partners, and the two countries formeda community of economic interests of you have me, I haveyou.

       But Nixon would neverhave imagined that 50years later, the SovietUnion would havecollapsedandChina would havereplaced it.

       However, significantchanges have taken place in the current international environment between Chinaand the Soviet Union: The Soviet union had not into the uniform of theinternational system, ideology and national institutions is still essentiallyheterogeneity and alternative relations with the United States, and China insuch aspects as technology, economy and environment are the basic into theinternational system, although the ideological system differences with theUnited States and the country, but not completely opposite consistency andalternative contradiction. In particular, over the past 40 years since theestablishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, thetwo giants have intertwined with each other in many fields, includingstrategic, diplomatic, economic, social, cultural, environmental, regional,international and educational, and have formed extensive common interests.

       At present, the mostfundamental and urgent common interest of China and the United States is to contain the outbreakof war in the Taiwan Strait.

       The United States isChina's natural ally. There is no reason why our great nation cannot coexistpeacefully, share and contribute to the progress of mankind. AsAmbassadorQin Gangsaidin his speech to commemorate the 50th anniversary ofNixon's visit to China: Let us work together. To promote the early return ofChina-US relations to the right track, continue to benefit the two peoples, andconform to the common expectations of the international community.

       To this end, incommemorating the 40th anniversary of the publication of the Sino-US 817Communique, revisiting the Ye Jiu Tiao is ofparticular practical significance for Sino-US relations to return to the righttrack:

       1) In order to put anend to the unfortunate situation in which the Chinese nation is divided as soonas possible, it is proposed to hold reciprocal negotiations between theKuomintang and the Communist Party, carry out the thirdcooperation,and jointly complete the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.The two sides may first send people to contact each other and fully exchangeviews.

       2) It is recommendedthat the two sides jointly facilitate postal, trade, navigation, family visits,tourism, and academic, cultural and sports exchanges, and reach relevantagreements.

       3) After thereunification of the Country, Taiwan may enjoy a high degree of autonomy as aspecial administrative region and may retain its armed forces. The centralgovernment does not interfere in Taiwan's local affairs.

       4) Taiwan's currentsocial and economic system remains unchanged, its way of life remainsunchanged, and its economic and cultural relations with foreign countriesremain unchanged. Private property, houses, land, business ownership, legalinheritance rights and foreign investment are inviolable.

       5) The Taiwanauthorities and representatives of all walks of life may hold leading posts innational political organs and participate in state management.

       6) When Taiwan's localfinances encounter difficulties, they may be subsidized by the centralgovernment at their discretion.

       7) People of all ethnicgroups and people from all walks of life in Taiwan who are willing to return tothe mainland of the motherland to settle down, guarantee proper arrangements,are not discriminated against, and are free to come and go.

       8) Taiwan's industrialand commercial circles are welcome to return to the mainland of the motherlandto invest and set up various economic undertakings to ensure their legitimaterights and interests and profits.

       9) To reunify themotherland, everyone has the responsibility. We warmly welcome the people ofall ethnic groups, people from all walks of life, and mass organizations inTaiwan to provide suggestions and discuss the state of the country throughvarious channels and in various ways.

       The Ye Jiu Tiao is in the final analysis, peace and democracy.

       Democracyis the inherent meaning of peace and the solid rock of peace. In today's era,peace and democracy are the greatest common denominator between the mainlandand Taiwan, China and the United States, Asia and the world, and are also thecore values of a community with a shared future for mankind. In this sense,only peace and democracy are the golden key to resolving the Taiwan issue, andit is also the unswerving and monolithic consensus of the two parties in theUnited States:

       It isentirely possible to reiterate to Beijing that reunification can only beachieved if China is more prosperous and more democratic. （Brzezinski: The GrandChessboard）

       相关链接：

       台海走向与美国战争的道德原则

       中华人民共和国和美利坚合众国联合公报（一九八二年八月十七日发表）

-----------------------------------------END-----------------------------------